List of educational programming languages: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 13:10, 14 December 2024

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===BASIC variants===

'''[[BASIC]]''' (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was invented in the year 1964, to provide computer access to non-science students. It became popular on [[minicomputer]]s during the 1960's1960s and became a standard computing language for [[microcomputer]]s during the late 1970's1970s and early 1980's1980s. The goals of BASIC were focused on the need to learn to program easily and they are:

* Be easy for beginners to use.

* Be interactive.

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As part of the [[One Laptop per Child]] project, a sequence of Smalltalk-based languages has been developed, each designed to act as an introduction to the next. The structure is Scratch to [[Etoys (programming language)|Etoys]] to [[Squeak]] to any [[Smalltalk]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cavallo|first=David|title=Learning Squeak from Scratch|publisher=One Laptop Per Child News|date=May 28, 2007|url=http://www.olpcnews.com/software/applications/learning_squeak_scratch.html|access-date=April 3, 2009}}</ref> Each provides graphical environments that may be used to teach not only programming concepts to kids but also physics and mathematics simulations, story-telling exercises, etc., through the use of [[Constructivism (philosophy of education)|constructive learning]]. Smalltalk and Squeak have fully featured application development languages that have been around and well respected for decades; Scratch is a children's learning tool.

* [[Scratch (programming language)|'''Scratch''']] 1.0 is implemented in Smalltalk. See [[#Children|below]] for more information.

* [[Etoys (programming language)|'''Etoys''']] is based on the idea of programmable [[Virtuality|virtual]] entities behaving on the computer screen. Etoys provides a media-rich authoring environment with a simple, powerful scripted object model for many kinds of objects created by end-users. It includes [[2D computer graphics|2D]] and [[3D computer graphics|3D]] [[graphics]], [[image]]s, [[Plain text|text]], particles, presentations, web pages, [[video]]s, sound and [[Musical Instrument Digital Interface|MIDI]] (the ability to share desktops with other Etoys users in [[real-time computing|real-time)]]. Many forms of immersive [[mentorship|mentoring]] and play can be done over the [[Internet]]. It is [[Multilingualism|multilingual]] and has been used successfully in [[United States]], [[Europe]], [[South America]], [[Japan]], [[Korea]], [[India]], [[Nepal]] and elsewhere. The program is aimed at children between the ages of 9-12.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ducasse|first=Stéphane|url=http://smallwiki.unibe.ch/botsinc/|title=Squeak: Learn Programming with Robots (Technology in Action)|publisher=Apress|year=2005|isbn=1-59059-491-6|pages=289 in ch 24: ''A tour or eTOY''|authorlink=}}</ref>

* '''[[Squeak]]''' is a modern, open-source, full-featured implementation of the Smalltalk language and environment. Smalltalk is an [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], [[Type system|dynamically typed]], [[reflective programming]] language created to underpin the "new world" of computing exemplified by "human-computer symbiosis".<ref name="History">{{cite web|last=Kay|first=Alan|url=http://gagne.homedns.org/~tgagne/contrib/EarlyHistoryST.html|title=The Early History of Smalltalk|access-date=September 13, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429192453/http://gagne.homedns.org/~tgagne/contrib/EarlyHistoryST.html|archive-date=April 29, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Like [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], it has [[Persistence (computer science)#Built-in to operating systems and programming languages|image-based persistence]], so everything is modifiable from within the language (see [[Smalltalk#Reflection]]).<ref>For further discussion of why this make it easy see [[Meta-circular evaluator]]</ref> It has greatly influenced the industry introducing many of the concepts in object-oriented programming and [[just-in-time compilation]]. Squeak is the vehicle for a wide range of projects including multimedia applications, educational platforms and commercial [[web application]] development. Squeak is designed to be highly portable and easy to debug, analyze and change, as its [[virtual machine]] is written fully in Smalltalk.

===Pascal===

* [[Pascal (programming language)|'''Pascal''']] is an [[ALGOL]]-based programming language designed by [[Niklaus Wirth]] in approximately 1970 with the goal of teaching [[structured programming]].<ref>Hemmendinger, David. "Pascal". EncyclopediaEncyclopædia Britannica, 5 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/technology/Pascal-computer-language. Accessed 12 June 2024.</ref> From the late 1970s to the late 1980's1980s, it was the primary choice in introductory computer science classes for teaching students programming in both the US and Europe. Its use for real-world applications has since increased to general usage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pascal - Free Pascal wiki|url=https://wiki.freepascal.org/Pascal|access-date=2024-10-11|website=wiki.freepascal.org}}</ref>

===Other===