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Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].
Java was formed by volcanic eruptions due to geologic [[subduction]] of the [[Australian Plate]] under the [[Sunda Plate]]. It is the [[List of islands by area|13th largest island]] in the world and the [[List of islands of Indonesia|fifth largest]] in [[Indonesia]] by landmass, at about {{Convert|
Four main languages are spoken on the island: [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Madurese language|Madurese]], and [[Betawi language|Betawi]]. [[Javanese language|Javanese]] and [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] are the most spoken.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Naim |first1=Akhsan |last2=Syaputra |first2=Hendry |year=2011 |title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-Hari Penduduk Indonesia: Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.html |___location=Jakarta |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik |isbn=9789790644175 |language=id |page=47}}</ref> The ethnic groups native to the island are the [[Javanese people|Javanese]] in the central and eastern parts and [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] in the western parts. The [[Madurese people|Madurese]] in the [[Eastern salient of Java]] are migrants from [[Madura Island]], while the [[Betawi people|Betawi]] in the capital city of Jakarta are hybrids from various [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]]. Most residents are bilingual, speaking [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (the official language of Indonesia) as their first or second language. While the majority of the people of Java are [[Muslims|Muslim]], Java's population comprises people of diverse religious beliefs, ethnicities, and cultures.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Stockdale |first1=John Joseph |url={{GBurl|id=YJxt2i2HbjEC|q=java island}} |title=Island of Java |last2=Bastin |first2=John |date=2004-03-15 |publisher=Periplus Editions (HK) Limited |isbn=978-962-8734-23-8 |language=en}}</ref>
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