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{{Infobox OS
| name = webOS
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| preceded by = [[Palm OS]] (phones)<br>[[NetCast]] (smart TVs)
}}
'''webOS''', also known as '''LG webOS''' and previously known as '''Open webOS,''' '''HP webOS''' and '''Palm webOS''',<ref>{{cite web |title=HP webOS Developer FAQ |url=https://developer.palm.com/content/resources/develop/faq.html#c31712 |publisher=Palm, Inc. |access-date=May 15, 2011 |archive-date=March 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318153201/https://developer.palm.com/content/resources/develop/faq.html#c31712 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is a [[Linux kernel]]-based [[Computer multitasking|multitasking]] [[operating system]] for [[smart device]]s such as [[smart TV]]s that has also been used as a [[mobile operating system]]. Initially developed by [[Palm, Inc.]] (which was acquired by [[Hewlett-Packard]]), HP made the platform [[Open-source software|open source]], at which point it became ''Open webOS.''
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==History==
===2009–2010: Launch by Palm===
Palm launched webOS, then called '''Palm webOS''', in January 2009 as the successor to [[Palm OS]]. The first webOS device was the original [[Palm Pre]], released by [[Sprint Nextel|Sprint]] in June 2009. The
===2010–2013: Acquisition by HP; the launch of Open webOS===
In April 2010, HP acquired Palm. The acquisition of Palm was initiated while [[Mark Hurd]] was CEO, however he resigned shortly after the acquisition was completed. Later, webOS was described by new HP CEO [[Leo Apotheker]] as a key asset and motivation for the purchase. The $1.2 billion acquisition was finalized in June. HP indicated its intention to develop the webOS platform for use in multiple new products, including smartphones, tablets, and [[printer (computing)|printers]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=
[[File:Jon Rubinstein & Todd Bradley.jpg|thumb|HP executives demonstrating webOS devices in 2011|228x228px]]In February 2011, HP announced that it would use webOS as the universal platform for all its devices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/hp-snubs-windows-plans-to-integrate-webos-into-pcs|title=HP snubs Windows, plans to integrate webOS into PCs |publisher=Digital Trends|date=February 9, 2011|access-date=June 14, 2013}}</ref> However, HP also made the decision<ref name="HPThanks">{{cite web|url=http://blog.palm.com/palm/2011/02/thanks-really-for-the-feedback.html|title=Thanks (really!) for the feedback|publisher=Hewlett Packard|access-date=February 14, 2011|archive-date=July 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718120952/http://blog.palm.com/palm/2011/02/thanks-really-for-the-feedback.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> that the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, and the "Plus" revisions would not receive [[FOTA (technology)|over-the-air updates]] to webOS 2.0,<ref
In March 2011, HP announced plans for a version of webOS by the end of 2011 to run within [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]],<ref>{{cite news |last=
In August 2011, HP announced that it was interested in selling its Personal Systems Group, responsible for all of its consumer PC products, including webOS, and that webOS device development and production lines would be halted.<ref>{{cite web|title= Developing and Distributing with HP: Developer Program Details|work= palm.com|publisher= Hewlett-Packard Development Company|year=2010|url=http://developer.palm.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1840&Itemid=34|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201180033/http://developer.palm.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1840&Itemid=34|archive-date= December 1, 2010}}<!--Original|accessdate=March 10, 2011--></ref><ref>{{cite news |title= HP Confirms Discussions with Autonomy Corporation plc Regarding Possible Business Combination; Makes Other Announcements |work= Press release |date= August 18, 2011 |url= http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110818006301/en/HP-Confirms-Discussions-Autonomy-Corporation-plc-Business |access-date= August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=HP kills webOS, spins off PC business to focus on software|work= AppleInsider|date=August 11, 2011 |url= http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/08/18/hp_to_spin_off_pc_business_to_focus_on_enterprise_software.html|access-date=August 18, 2011}}</ref> It remained unclear whether HP would consider licensing webOS software to other manufacturers. When HP reduced the price of the Touchpad to $99, the existing inventory quickly sold out.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/238542/hp_touchpad_selling_out_during_fire_sale.html|title=$99 HP TouchPad Selling Out During Fire Sale|work=PCWorld|access-date=August 7, 2017
The HP Pre 3 was launched in select areas of Europe, and US-based units were available only through unofficial channels (both AT&T and Verizon canceled their orders just prior to delivery after [[Léo Apotheker|Apotheker's]] (HP's CEO at the time) announcement.<ref name="allthings">{{cite news|last=Fried|first=Ina|title=HP: webOS Still Coming to PCs and Printers, Pre3 Launching in "Limited" Markets|work=AllThingsD|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|date=August 22, 2011|url=http://allthingsd.com/20110822/hp-webos-still-coming-to-pcs-and-printers-pre3-launching-in-limited-markets/ |access-date=August 24, 2011}}</ref> Notably, these US Pre 3 units, having been released through unofficial channels, lacked both warranties and carried no support obligation from HP; as a result parts are nearly impossible to come by. HP announced that it would continue to issue updates for the HP Veer and [[HP TouchPad]], but these updates have failed to materialize for the former, and the latter saw a final, unofficial release called "webOS CE" that contained only open-sourced components of webOS meant for what remained of the developer community rather than a conventional, user-centric update to the operating system. The last HP webOS version, 3.0.5, was released on January 12, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/1/12/2702658/hp-touchpad-updated-to-webos-3-0-5|title=HP TouchPad updated to webOS 3.0.5|last=Ziegler|first=Chris|date=January 12, 2012|website=The Verge|access-date=August 7, 2017}}</ref>
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On June 6, 2009, webOS launched on the [[Palm Pre]] with 18 available apps. The number of apps grew to 30 by June 17, 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/18/palm-pre-prepared-for-the-spotlight|title=Palm Pre Prepared For The Spotlight?|last=Barletta|first=Bryan|date=June 18, 2009|publisher=Medialets, Inc.|access-date=March 4, 2012|archive-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110224906/http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/18/palm-pre-prepared-for-the-spotlight|url-status=dead}}</ref> with 1 million cumulative downloads by June 27, 2009;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/24/palm-pre-app-catalog-reaches-1-million-downloads|title=Palm Pre App Catalog Reaches 1 Million Downloads|author=Barletta, Bryan|date=June 24, 2009|publisher=Medialets, Inc.|access-date=March 4, 2012|archive-date=November 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110172050/http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06/24/palm-pre-app-catalog-reaches-1-million-downloads|url-status=dead}}</ref> 30 official and 31 unofficial apps by July 13, 2009;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.precentral.net/palm-pre-homebrew-31-apps-official-app-catalog-30|title=Palm Pre Homebrew: 31 Apps. Official App Catalog: 30|author=Bohn, Dieter|date=July 10, 2009|work=PreCentral.net|publisher=Smartphone Experts|access-date=March 4, 2012|archive-date=October 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006124502/http://www.precentral.net/palm-pre-homebrew-31-apps-official-app-catalog-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1,000 official apps by January 1, 2010;<ref>{{cite web|last=Werlinger|first=Robert|title=App Catalog Hits 1000 apps|publisher=webOS Nation|date=January 1, 2010|url=http://www.precentral.net/app-catalog-hits-1000-apps|access-date=April 27, 2012|archive-date=October 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006124724/http://www.precentral.net/app-catalog-hits-1000-apps|url-status=dead}}</ref> 4,000 official apps September 29, 2010;<ref>{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Dieter|title=webOS surpasses 5,000 apps|publisher= webOS Nation |date=September 29, 2010|url=http://www.webosnation.com/webos-surpasses-5-000-apps|access-date=April 27, 2012}}</ref> and 10,002 official apps on December 9, 2011.<ref>[http://www.webosnation.com/touchpad-breaks-1000-app-milestone Touchpad breaks 1,000 app milestone]. webOSNation.com, December 9, 2011.</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2024}}
Subsequently, the number of available apps decreased because many apps were withdrawn from the App Catalog by their owners. Examples include the apps for ''[[The New York Times]]'' and [[Pandora Radio]]. After a Catalog splash screen on November 11, 2014, announcing its deprecation, the HP App Catalog servers were permanently shut down on March 15, 2015. The number of functional apps remaining at that time is unknown but was probably much lower due to the imminent abandonment of the project.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/6/5/3062611/palm-webos-hp-inside-story-pre-postmortem |title=Pre to
=== 2013–present: Acquisition by LG; open-source edition launch ===
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At CES 2017, LG announced a smart refrigerator with webOS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diqI7XLXlXg|title=LG at CES 2017 - LG InstaView™ Door-in-Door® Refrigerator|work=LG Global|date=January 6, 2017|access-date=September 13, 2017}}</ref>
On March 19, 2018, LG announced an open-source edition of webOS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=LG-webOS-Open-Source-Edition|title=LG Announces webOS Open-Source Edition|publisher=Phoronix|author=Michael Larabel|date=March 19, 2018|access-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref> This edition would allow developers to download the source code for free as well as take advantage of related tools, guides, and forums on its new open source website to become more familiar with webOS and its inherent benefits as a smart device's platform. LG hopes that this will help its goal of advancing its philosophy of open platform, open partnership and open connectivity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lgnewsroom.com/2018/03/webos-enters-next-phase-as-global-platform-under-lgs-stewardship/|title=
==Features==
The webOS mobile platform introduced some innovative features, such as the cards interface and the gesture navigation, that are now standard in mobile operating systems such as [[iOS]], [[Windows Phone]], and [[Android (operating system)|Android]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/06/12/jon-rubinstein-os-x-and-ios-7-borrow-features-from-webos/ |title=Jon Rubinstein: OS X and iOS 7 borrow features from webOS |website=Engadget |date=June 12, 2013 |access-date=August 7, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bohn |first=Dieter |date=September 15, 2017 |title=What the iPhone X borrowed from the Palm Pre |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/15/16300402/iphone-x-webos-palm-pre-cards-gestures-nostalgia |access-date=June 9, 2022 |website=The Verge
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====Developer Mode====
Developer mode allows for developer access of the device and is also used for digital forensic investigations. It can be accessed by typing ''webos20090606'' on the device’s keyboard, or on some devices typing ''upupdowndownleftrightleftrightbastart'' (a reference to the [[Konami code]]) on the cards view. Once in developer mode, data on the system partition can be accessed freely, even if the device was locked.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Casey |first1=Eoghan |last2=Cheval |first2=Adrien |last3=Lee |first3=Jong Yeon |last4=Oxley |first4=David |last5=Song |first5=Yong Jun |title=Forensic acquisition and analysis of palm webOS on mobile devices |journal=Digital Investigation |date=July 1, 2011 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=37–47 |doi=10.1016/j.diin.2011.04.003 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1742287611000405
=== LG webOS ===
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|November 15, 2009,
January 7, 2010
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2248309/smartphones/meet-the-palm-pixi--the-newest-webos-smartphone.html |title=Meet the Palm Pixi: The Newest webOS Smartphone |last=Mies |first=Ginny |work=Network World |access-date=June 24, 2018
|-
|[[Palm Pre 2]]
|October 22, 2010
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/01/06/review_smartphone_palm_pre_2/|title=Palm Pre 2 WebOS 2.0 smartphone|access-date=June 24, 2018
|-
|[[HP Veer]]
|August 18, 2011
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/227377/hp_veer_4g_att.html|title=HP Veer 4G: A Supercompact WebOS Phone|work=PCWorld|access-date=June 24, 2018
|-
|[[HP Pre 3]]
|August 18, 2011
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/09/24/pre-3-for-atandt-review/|title=Pre 3 for AT&T review|work=Engadget|access-date=June 24, 2018
|-
|WindsorNot
| rowspan="2" {{n/a|Canceled}}
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/2/5264580/the-lost-secrets-of-webos|title=The lost secrets of webOS|work=The Verge|access-date=June 29, 2018
|-
|Mako
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|[[HP TouchPad]]
|July 1, 2011
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://gizmodo.com/5756098/hp-touchpad-is-their-10-inch-webos-tablet |title=HP TouchPad Is Their 10-inch webOS Tablet |last=Chen |first=Jason |work=Gizmodo |access-date=June 24, 2018
|-
|[[HP TouchPad#Other models|HP TouchPad Go]]
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|LG smart TV models
| rowspan="3" {{varies}}
|<ref name="LG-Smart-TVs2">{{cite web|url=http://www.lg.com/us/experience-tvs/smart-tv/use|title=LG webOS TV Smart+|website=LG.com|publisher=LG Corporation|access-date=August 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2017/01/03/lgs-webos-smart-tv-system-just-got-even-better/|title=LG's WebOS Smart TV System Just Got Even Better|last=Archer|first=John|work=Forbes|access-date=June 24, 2018
|-
|LG smart laser projector
| |||