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The invention of [[large scale integration]] enabled the production of [[personal computer]]s (initially called [[microcomputer]]s) from around 1980.{{sfn|Tanenbaum|Bos|2023|pp=15–16}} For around five years, the [[CP/M]] (Control Program for Microcomputers) was the most popular operating system for microcomputers.{{sfn|Tanenbaum|Bos|2023|p=16}} Later, IBM bought the [[DOS]] (Disk Operating System) from [[Microsoft]]. After modifications requested by IBM, the resulting system was called [[MS-DOS]] ({{not a typo|Micro|Soft}} Disk Operating System) and was widely used on IBM microcomputers. Later versions increased their sophistication, in part by borrowing features from UNIX.{{sfn|Tanenbaum|Bos|2023|p=16}}
[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[Macintosh]] was the first popular computer to use a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI). The GUI proved much more [[user friendly]] than the text-only [[command-line interface]] earlier operating systems had used. Following the success of Macintosh, MS-DOS was updated with a GUI overlay called [[Windows]]. Windows later was rewritten as a stand-alone operating system, borrowing so many features from another ([[VAX VMS]]) that a large [[legal settlement]] was paid.{{sfn|Tanenbaum|Bos|2023|p=17}} In the twenty-first century, Windows continues to be popular on personal computers but has less [[market share]] of servers. UNIX operating systems, especially Linux, are the most popular on [[enterprise system]]s and servers but are also used on [[mobile
On mobile devices, [[Symbian OS]] was dominant at first, being usurped by [[BlackBerry OS]] (introduced 2002) and [[iOS]] for [[iPhone]]s (from 2007). Later on, the open-source [[Android (operating system)|Android]] operating system (introduced 2008), with a Linux kernel and a C library ([[Bionic (software)|Bionic]]) partially based on BSD code, became most popular.{{sfn|Tanenbaum|Bos|2023|pp=19–20}}
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