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=== Informal description ===
;Given: A set of symbols <math>S</math> and for each symbol <math>x \in S</math>, the frequency <math>f_x</math> representing the fraction of symbols in the text that are equal to <math>x</math>.<ref name="kleinberg&Tardos">{{cite book |last1=Kleinberg |first1=Jon |last2=Tardos |first2=Eva |title=Algorithm Design |date=March 16, 2005 |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |isbn=9780321295354 |page=165 |edition=1 |url=https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/algorithm-design/P200000003259/9780137546350 |access-date=26 January 2025}}</ref>
;Find: A [[Prefix code|prefix-free binary code]] (a set of codewords) with minimum [[Expected value|expected]] codeword length (equivalently, a tree with minimum [[weighted path length from the root]]).
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