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[[File:Cetonia-aurata.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Cetonia aurata|rose chafer]]'s external surface reflects almost exclusively left-circularly polarized light.]]
Only a few mechanisms in nature are known to systematically produce circularly polarized [[light]]. In 1911, [[Albert A. Michelson|Albert Abraham Michelson]] discovered that light reflected from the golden scarab beetle ''[[Chrysina resplendens]]'' is preferentially left-polarized. Since then, circular polarization has been measured in several other [[Scarabaeidae|scarab beetles]] such as ''[[Chrysina gloriosa]]'',<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1172051|title=Structural Origin of Circularly Polarized Iridescence in Jeweled Beetles|first1=Mohan|last1=Srinivasarao|first2=Jung Ok|last2=Park|first3=Matija|last3=Crne|first4=Vivek|last4=Sharma|date=July 24, 2009|journal=Science|volume=325|issue=5939|pages=449–451|via=science.sciencemag.org|doi=10.1126/science.1172051|pmid=19628862|bibcode=2009Sci...325..449S|s2cid=206519071|url-access=subscription}}</ref> as well as some [[crustacean]]s such as the [[mantis shrimp]]. In these cases, the underlying mechanism is the molecular-level helicity of the [[chitin]]ous [[cuticle]].<ref name="Hegedüs">{{cite journal |title=Imaging polarimetry of the circularly polarizing cuticle of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Rutelidae, Cetoniidae) |author1=Hegedüs, Ramón |author2=Győző Szélb |author3=Gábor Horváth |doi=10.1016/j.visres.2006.02.007 |journal=Vision Research |volume=46 |issue=17 |date=September 2006 |pages=2786–2797 |pmid=16564066 |s2cid=14974820 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
The [[bioluminescence]] of the [[larva]]e of [[firefly|fireflie]]s is also circularly polarized, as reported in 1980 for the species ''[[Photuris|Photuris lucicrescens]]'' and ''[[Photuris versicolor]]''. For fireflies, it is more difficult to find a microscopic explanation for the polarization, because the left and right lanterns of the larvae were found to emit polarized light of opposite senses. The authors suggest that the light begins with a [[linear polarization]] due to inhomogeneities inside aligned [[photocyte]]s, and it picks up circular polarization while passing through linearly [[Birefringence|birefringent]] tissue.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Circular polarization observed in bioluminescence |author1=Wynberg, Hans |author2=Meijer, E.W. |author3=Hummelen, J.C. |author4=Dekkers, H.P.J.M. |author5=Schippers, P.H. |author6=Carlson, A.D. |url=http://keur.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/wetenschappers/10/29/29.pdf |journal=Nature |volume=286 |issue=5773 |pages=641–642 |date=7 August 1980 |doi=10.1038/286641a0 |bibcode=1980Natur.286..641W |s2cid=4324467 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724164914/http://keur.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/wetenschappers/10/29/29.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2011 }}</ref>
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