Agent-based model: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:38, 10 March 2025

Revision as of 22:14, 7 May 2025

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In the late 1970s, [[Paulien Hogeweg]] and Bruce Hesper began experimenting with individual models of [[ecology]]. One of their first results was to show that the social structure of bumble-bee colonies emerged as a result of simple rules that govern the behaviour of individual bees.<ref name="hogeweg">{{cite journal |last=Hogeweg |first=Paulien |title=The ontogeny of the interaction structure in bumble bee colonies: a MIRROR model |year=1983 |journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=271–283 |doi=10.1007/BF00302895 |bibcode=1983BEcoS..12..271H |s2cid=22530183 }}</ref>

They introduced the ToDo principle, referring to the way agents "do what there is to do" at any given time.

In the early 1980s, [[Robert Axelrod (political scientist)|Robert Axelrod]] hosted a tournament of [[Prisoner's Dilemma]] strategies and had them interact in an agent-based manner to determine a winner. Axelrod would go on to develop many other agent-based models in the field of political science that examine phenomena from [[ethnocentrism]] to the dissemination of culture.<ref name="Axelrod_1997">{{Cite book |last=Axelrod |given=Robert |author-link=Robert Axelrod (political scientist) |year=1997 |title=The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration |publisher=Princeton: Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-01567-5 }}</ref>

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=== 2020 and later ===

After the advent of [[Largelarge language model|large language models]]s, researchers began applying interacting language models to agent based modeling. In one widely cited paper, agentic language models interacted in a sandbox environment to perform activities like planning birthday parties and holding elections.<ref>{{Cite arXiv |last1=Park |first1=Joon Sung |last2=O'Brien |first2=Joseph |last3=Cai |first3=Carrie |last4=Morris |first4=Meredith |last5=Liang |first5=Percey |last6=Bernstein |first6=Michael |title=Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior |date=2023 |class=cs.HC |eprint=2304.03442 }}</ref>

==Theory==

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Agent based evolutionary search or algorithm is a new research topic for solving complex optimization problems.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sarker |first1=R. A. |last2=Ray |first2=T. |chapter=Agent Based Evolutionary Approach: An Introduction |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-13425-8_1 |title=Agent-Based Evolutionary Search |series=Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-642-13424-1 }}</ref>

===In team science===

In the realm of team science, agent-based modeling has been utilized to assess the effects of team members' characteristics and biases on team performance across various settings.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Boroomand |first1=Amin |last2=Smaldino |first2=Paul E. |title=Superiority bias and communication noise can enhance collective problem solving. |journal=Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation |date=2023 |volume=26 |issue=3 |doi=10.18564/jasss.5154|doi-access=free }}</ref> By simulating interactions between agents—each representing individual team members with distinct traits and biases—this modeling approach enables researchers to explore how these factors collectively influence the dynamics and outcomes of team performance. Consequently, agent-based modeling provides a nuanced understanding of team science, facilitating a deeper exploration of the subtleties and variabilities inherent in team-based collaborations.

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===Integration with other modeling forms===

Since Agent-Based Modeling is more of a modeling framework than a particular piece of software or platform, it has often been used in conjunction with other modeling forms. For instance, agent-based models have also been combined with [[Geographic Information Systems]] (GIS). This provides a useful combination where the ABM serves as a process model and the GIS system can provide a model of pattern.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Daniel G. |last2=Riolo |first2=Rick |last3=Robinson |first3=Derek T. |last4=North |first4=Michael |last5=Rand |first5=William |title=Spatial Process and Data Models: Toward Integration of agent-based models and GIS |journal=Journal of Geographical Systems |date=2005 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=25–47 |doi=10.1007/s10109-005-0148-5 |publisher=Springer|bibcode=2005JGS.....7...25B |hdl=2027.42/47930 |s2cid=14059768 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Similarly, [[Social Network Analysis]] (SNA) tools and agent-based models are sometimes integrated, where the ABM is used to simulate the dynamics on the network while the SNA tool models and analyzes the network of interactions.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Zhang | first1=J. | last2=Tong | first2=L. | last3=Lamberson | first3=P.J. | last4=Durazo-Arvizu | first4=R.A. | last5=Luke | first5=A. | last6=Shoham | first6=D.A. | title=Leveraging social influence to address overweight and obesity using agent-based models: The role of adolescent social networks | journal=Social Science & Medicine | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=125 | year=2015 | issn=0277-9536 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.049 | pages=203–213| pmid=24951404 | pmc=4306600 }}</ref> Tools like [[GAMA Platform|GAMA]] provide a natural way to integrate [[system dynamics]] and [[Geographic information system|GIS]] with ABM.

==Verification and validation==

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* {{Cite journal |last1=Onggo |first1=B.S. |last2=Karatas |first2=M. |doi=10.1016/j.ejor.2016.03.050 |title=Test-driven simulation modelling: A case study using agent-based maritime search-operation simulation. |journal=European Journal of Operational Research |volume=254 |issue=2 |pages=517–531 |year=2016 |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377221716301965|archive-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630141434/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377221716301965 |url-status=live }}

* {{Cite journal |last1=O'Sullivan |first1=D. |last2=Haklay |first2=M. |doi=10.1068/a32140 |title=Agent-based models and individualism: Is the world agent-based? |journal=Environment and Planning A |volume=32 |issue=8 |pages=1409–1425 |year=2000 |bibcode=2000EnPlA..32.1409O |s2cid=14131066 |url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/5244/ |type=Submitted manuscript |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204160708/https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5244/ |url-status=live }}

* {{Cite journal |last1=Preis |first1=T. |last2=Golke |first2=S. |last3=Paul |first3=W. |last4=Schneider |first4=J. J. |title=Multi-agent-based Order Book Model of financial markets |doi=10.1209/epl/i2006-10139-0 |journal=Europhysics Letters (EPL) |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=510–516 |year=2006 |bibcode=2006EL.....75..510P |s2cid=56156905 }}

* {{Cite journal |last1=Rudomín |first1=I. |last2=Millán |first2=E. |last3=Hernández |first3=B. N. |doi=10.1016/j.simpat.2005.08.008 |title=Fragment shaders for agent animation using finite state machines |journal=Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory |volume=13 |issue=8 |pages=741–751 |date=November 2005 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Salamon |given=Tomas |author-link=Tomas Salamon |year=2011 |title=Design of Agent-Based Models : Developing Computer Simulations for a Better Understanding of Social Processes |publisher=Bruckner Publishing |isbn=978-80-904661-1-1 |url=http://www.designofagentbasedmodels.info/ |access-date=October 22, 2011 |archive-date=March 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317102501/http://www.designofagentbasedmodels.info/ |url-status=live }}