In some cases such as the [[Elections in the Czech Republic|Czech regional elections]], the first divisor (when the party has no seats so far, which is normally 1) wasis raised to favourcreate an [[effective threshold]], favoring larger parties and eliminateeliminating small ones. In the Czech case, it is set to 1.42 (approximately <math>\sqrt{2}</math>, termed the Koudelka coefficient after the politician who introduced it).{{cn}}
In 1989 and 1992, [[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly|ACT Legislative Assembly]] elections were conducted by the [[Australian Electoral Commission]] using thea "modified d'Hondt" electoral system. The electoral system consisted of the d'Hondt system, the [[Australian Senate]] system of proportional representation, and various methods for preferential voting for candidates and parties, both within and across party lines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.act.gov.au/elections_and_voting/past_act_legislative_assembly_elections/modified_dhondt_electoral_system|title=Modified d'Hondt Electoral System|date=2015-01-06|website=elections.act.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2018-05-05}}</ref> The process involves 8 stages of scrutiny. ABC elections analyst [[Antony Green]] has described the modified d'Hondt system used in the ACT as a "monster ... that few understood, even electoral officials who had to wrestle with its intricacies while spending several weeks counting the votes".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Antony |title=Election Preview |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/act/2020/guide/preview |access-date=16 April 2021 |work=ACT Votes 2020 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> It was replaced with the [[Hare-Clark]] system from 1995 onward.▼
The term "modified D'Hondt" has also been given to the use of the D'Hondt method in the [[additional member system]] used for the [[Scottish Parliament]], [[Senedd (Welsh Parliament)]], and [[London Assembly]], in which after constituency seats have been allocated to parties by [[first-past-the-post]], D'Hondt is applied for the allocation of list seats, taking into account for each party the number of constituency seats it has won (that is, if a party has won 3 constituency seats, the divisor for that party in the first round will be 4, rather than 1).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Counting the votes {{!}} London Elects |url=https://www.londonelects.org.uk/im-voter/counting-votes |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.londonelects.org.uk}}</ref>
SomeBecause of the strong [[seat bias]] in D'Hondt, some systems allow parties to associate their lists together into a single [[electoral alliance]] in order to overcome the threshold,whileand somewin more (or any) seats. Some systems set a separate threshold for cartelssuch alliances. In a system of proportional representation in whichwhere the country is divided in multiple [[electoral district]]s, (such as [[Belgium]]) the [[Election threshold|threshold]] to obtain one seat can be very high (5% of votes in a district since 2003), which also favors larger parties. Therefore, some parties pool their voters in order to gain more (or any) seats.{{cn}}▼
▲In 1989 and 1992, [[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly|ACT Legislative Assembly]] elections were conducted by the [[Australian Electoral Commission]] using the "modified d'Hondt" electoral system. The electoral system consisted of the d'Hondt system, the [[Australian Senate]] system of proportional representation, and various methods for preferential voting for candidates and parties, both within and across party lines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.act.gov.au/elections_and_voting/past_act_legislative_assembly_elections/modified_dhondt_electoral_system|title=Modified d'Hondt Electoral System|date=2015-01-06|website=elections.act.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2018-05-05}}</ref> The process involves 8 stages of scrutiny. ABC elections analyst [[Antony Green]] has described the modified d'Hondt system used in the ACT as a "monster ... that few understood, even electoral officials who had to wrestle with its intricacies while spending several weeks counting the votes".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Antony |title=Election Preview |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/act/2020/guide/preview |access-date=16 April 2021 |work=ACT Votes 2020 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> It was replaced with the [[Hare-Clark]] system from 1995 onward.
▲Some systems allow parties to associate their lists together into a single [[electoral alliance]] in order to overcome the threshold, while some systems set a separate threshold for cartels. In a system of proportional representation in which the country is divided in multiple [[electoral district]]s, such as [[Belgium]] the [[Election threshold|threshold]] to obtain one seat can be very high (5% of votes since 2003), which also favors larger parties. Therefore, some parties pool their voters in order to gain more (or any) seats.
