Human Development Index: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 07:34, 7 April 2025

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}

UGA BOOGA

[[File:HDI2022Incrimental.svg|thumb|World map of countries and territories by HDI scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2022 data, published in 2024) {{legend-col|thumb size = wide|{{Legend|#001a00|≥ 0.950}}|{{Legend|#003c00|0.900–0.950}}|{{Legend|#007f00|0.850–0.899}}|{{Legend|#00c400|0.800–0.849}}|{{Legend|#7cff36|0.750–0.799}}|{{Legend|#d3ff00|0.700–0.749}}|{{Legend|#ffe100|0.650–0.699}}|{{Legend|#ffc415|0.600–0.649}}|{{Legend|#ffa83c|0.550–0.599}}|{{Legend|#ff852f|0.500–0.549}}|{{Legend|#ff5b00|0.450–0.499}}|{{Legend|#ff0000|0.400–0.449}}|{{Legend|#a70000|≤ 0.399}}|{{Legend|#C0C0C0|Data unavailable}}}}|alt=World map of Countries scored by HDI|400x400px]]

The '''Human Development Index''' ('''HDI''') is a statistical composite index of [[life expectancy]], [[Education Index|education]] (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the [[education system]]), and [[per capita income]] indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of [[Human development (humanity)|human development]]. A country scores a higher level of HDI when the [[life expectancy at birth|lifespan]] is higher, the [[education]] level is higher, and the gross national income [[GNI (PPP) per capita]] is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist [[Mahbub ul-Haq]] and was further used to measure a country's development by the [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=A. Stanton|first=Elizabeth|date=February 2007|title=The Human Development Index: A History|url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=peri_workingpapers |publisher=ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst |journal=PERI Working Papers|pages=14–15|access-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228191918/https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=peri_workingpapers|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Human Development Index|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/human-development-index|website=Definition of 'Human Development Index' |access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030929/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/human-development-index|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=About Human Development |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/|publisher=UNDP|access-date=29 July 2011|website=HDR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415134936/http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/|archive-date=15 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Human development index |url=https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/human-development-index |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103061653/https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/human-development-index |archive-date=2022-01-03 |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=World Health Organization}}</ref>

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Developing countries:

{{legend|#ff7f0e|[[ArabUGA BOOGA States]]}}

{{legend|#2ca02c|[[EastUGA BOOGA Asia]] and the Pacific}}

{{legend|#d62728|[[EuropeUGA BOOGA ]] and [[Central Asia]]}}

{{legend|#9467bd|[[Latin America]] and the [[Caribbean]]}}

{{legend|#8c564b|[[South Asia]]}}

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:2.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI) <math>= \frac{\textrm{MYS}}{15}</math><ref>Mean years of schooling (of adults) (years) is a calculation of the average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older in their lifetime based on education attainment levels of the population converted into years of schooling based on theoretical duration of each level of education attended. Source: {{cite journal |last1=Barro |first1=R. J. |author-link=Robert Barro |first2=J.-W. |last2=Lee |year=2010 |title=A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950–2010 |journal=NBER Working Paper No. 15902 |series=Working Paper Series |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w15902 |doi=10.3386/w15902 |access-date=29 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807191234/http://www.nber.org/papers/w15902 |archive-date=7 August 2011 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref>

:: Fifteen is the projected maximum of this indicator for 2025.

:2.2 Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI) <math>= \frac{\textrm{EYS}}{18}</math><ref>(ESYI is a calculation of the number of years a child is expected to attend school, or university, including the years spent on repetition. It is the sum of the age-specific enrollment ratios for primary, secondary, post-secondary non-tertiary and tertiary education and is calculated assuming the prevailing patterns of age-specific enrollment rates were to stay the same throughout the child's life. Expected years of schooling is capped at 18UGA BOOGA years. (Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2010). Correspondence on education indicators. March. Montreal.)</ref>

:: Eighteen is equivalent to achieving a [[master's degree]] in most countries.

3. Income Index (II) <math>= \frac{\ln(\textrm{GNIpc}) - \ln(100)}{\ln(75,000) - \ln(100)} = \frac{\ln(\textrm{GNIpc}) - \ln(100)}{\ln(750)}</math>

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The HDI combined three dimensions last used in its 2009 report:

* [[LifeUGA BOOGA expectancy]] at birth, as an index of population health and longevity to HDI

* Knowledge and education, as measured by the adult [[literacy]] rate (with two-thirds weighting) and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary [[gross enrollment ratio]] (with one-third weighting).

* [[Standard of living]], as indicated by the [[natural logarithm]] of [[gross domestic product]] [[per capita]] at [[purchasing power parity]].

[[File:Human Development Index trends.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|HDI trends between 1975 and 2004

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{{legend|#D09B00|[[East Asia]]}}

| valign=top |

{{legend|#00FF00|[[ArabUGA BOOGA League]]}}

{{legend|#003FD9|[[South Asia]]}}

{{legend|#C600FF|[[Sub-SaharanUGA BOOGA Africa]]}}

|}

]]

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! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Uruguay}}

|| 0.830 || {{sort|0.47|{{increase}} 0.47%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.821|53}} || {{sort|3|{{increase}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Romania}}

|| 0.827 || {{sort|0.14|{{increase}} 0.14%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.816|54}} || {{sort|1|{{increase}} (1)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}

|| 0.826 || {{sort|0.18|{{increase}} 0.18%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.812|55}} || {{sort|-7|{{decrease}} (7)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Brunei}}

|| 0.823 || {{sort|-0.02|{{decrease}} 0.02%}}

|-

| {{sort|0.811|56}} || {{sort|-3|{{decrease}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Russia}}

|| 0.821 || {{sort|0.25|{{increase}} 0.25%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.810|57}} || {{sort|3|{{increase}} (3)}}

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|0.819

| {{sort|0.22|{{increase}} 0.22%}}

|-

| rowspan="2" | {{sort|0.808|60}} || {{sort|-3|{{decrease}} (3)}}

! style="text-align:left" scope="row" | {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}

| rowspan="2"| 0.814 || {{sort|0.30|{{increase}} 0.30%}}

|-

| {{sort|4|{{increase}} (4)}}