Image file format: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 08:32, 13 April 2025

Revision as of 21:27, 19 April 2025

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Compared to JPEG, PNG excels when the image has large, uniformly colored areas. Even for photographs – where JPEG is often the choice for final distribution since its lossy compression typically yields smaller file sizes – PNG is still well-suited to storing images during the editing process because of its lossless compression.

PNG provides a patent-free replacement for GIF (though GIF is itself now patent-free) and can also replace many common uses of TIFF. Indexed-color, grayscale, and truecolor images are supported, plus an optional alpha channel. The [[Adam7 algorithm|Adam7]] interlacing allows an early preview, even when only a small percentage of the image data has been transmitted — usefultransmitted—useful in online viewing applications like [[web browser]]s. PNG can store gamma and chromaticity data, as well as [[ICC profile]]s, for accurate color matching on heterogeneous platforms.

Animated formats derived from PNG are [[Multiple-image Network Graphics|MNG]] and [[APNG]], which is backwards compatible with PNG and supported by most browsers.

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* [[Corel Paint Shop Pro|PSP]] (Corel Paint Shop Pro)

* [[Paint Tool SAI|SAI]] (Paint Tool SAI)

* [[XCF (file format)|XCF]] (eXperimental Computing Facility format) — native—native [[GIMP]] format

==== Other raster formats ====

* BPG ([[Better Portable Graphics]]) — an—an image format from 2014. Its purpose is to replace JPEG when quality or file size is an issue. To that end, it features a high [[data compression ratio]], based on a subset of the [[High Efficiency Video Coding|HEVC]] video compression standard, including [[lossless compression]]. In addition, it supports various meta data (such as EXIF).

* DEEP — DEEP—[[Interchange File Format|IFF]]-style format used by TVPaint

* [[Drawn File|DRW]] (Drawn File)

* [[ECW (file format)|ECW]] (Enhanced Compression Wavelet)

* [[FITS]] (Flexible Image Transport System)

* [[FLIF]] (Free Lossless Image Format) — a—a discontinued lossless image format which claims to outperform PNG, lossless WebP, lossless BPG and lossless JPEG 2000 in terms of compression ratio. It uses the MANIAC (Meta-Adaptive Near-zero Integer Arithmetic Coding) entropy encoding algorithm, a variant of the [[Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding|CABAC]] (context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding) entropy encoding algorithm.

* [[ICO (file format)|ICO]] — container—container for one or more icons (subsets of [[BMP file format|BMP]] and/or [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]])

* [[ILBM]] — [[Interchange File Format|IFF]]-style format for up to 32 bit in planar representation, plus optional 64 bit extensions

* [[ERDAS IMAGINE|IMG]] (ERDAS IMAGINE Image)

* IMG ([[Graphics Environment Manager]] (GEM) image file) — planar—planar, [[Run-length encoding|run-length encoded]]

* [[JPEG XR]] — JPEG—JPEG standard based on Microsoft HD Photo

* [[Layered Image File Format]] — for—for [[microscope image processing]]

* [[Nrrd]] (Nearly raw raster data)

* [[PAM graphics format|PAM]] (Portable Arbitrary Map) — late—late addition to the [[Netpbm format|Netpbm family]]

* [[PCX]] (PiCture eXchange) — obsolete—obsolete

* [[Progressive Graphics File|PGF]] (Progressive Graphics File)

* PLBM (Planar Bitmap) — proprietary—proprietary [[Amiga]] format

* [[Silicon Graphics Image|SGI]] (Silicon Graphics Image) — native—native raster graphics file format for Silicon Graphics workstations

* [[MrSID|SID]] (multiresolution seamless image database, MrSID)

* [[Sun Raster]] — obsolete—obsolete

* [[Truevision TGA|TGA]] (TARGA) — obsolete—obsolete

* [[VICAR file format]] — [[NASA]]/[[JPL]] image transport format

* XISF (Extensible Image Serialization Format)

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==== Other 2D vector formats ====

* AFDesign ([[Affinity Designer]] document)

* AI ([[Adobe Illustrator Artwork]]) — proprietary file format developed by [[Adobe Inc.|Adobe Systems]]

* CDR — proprietaryCDR—proprietary format for [[CorelDRAW]] vector graphics editor

* !DRAW — aDRAW—a native vector graphic format (in several backward compatible versions) for the [[RISC-OS]] computer system begun by Acorn in the mid-1980s and still present on that platform today

* [[DrawingML]] — used—used in [[Office Open XML file formats|Office Open XML documents]]

* GEM — metafilesGEM—metafiles interpreted and written by the [[Graphics Environment Manager]] VDI subsystem

* GLE ([[Graphics Layout Engine]]) — graphics—graphics scripting language

* [[HP-GL]] (Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language) — introduced—introduced on [[Hewlett-Packard]] plotters, but generalized into a printer language

* HVIF ([[Haiku Vector Icon Format]])

* [[Lottie (file format)|Lottie]] — format—format for vector graphics animation

* [[MathML]] (Mathematical Markup Language) — an—an application of XML for describing mathematical notations

* [[NAPLPS]] (North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax)

* ODG ([[OpenDocument Graphics]])

* PGML ([[Precision Graphics Markup Language]]) — a—a [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] submission that was not adopted as a [[W3C recommendation|recommendation]]

* [[PSTricks]] and [[PGF/TikZ]] are languages for creating graphics in [[TeX]] documents

* QCC — usedQCC—used by Quilt Manager (by Quilt EZ) for designing quilts

* [[ReGIS]] (Remote Graphic Instruction Set) — used—used by [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] [[computer terminal]]s

* [[Remote imaging protocol]] — system—system for sending vector graphics over low-bandwidth links

* TinyVG — binaryTinyVG—binary, simpler alternative to SVG<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tinyvg.tech/ |title=TinyVG |access-date=2023-01-31 |archive-date=2023-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109224807/https://tinyvg.tech/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

* VML ([[Vector Markup Language]]) — obsolete—obsolete XML-based format

* [[Xar (graphics)|Xar]] — format—format used in vector applications from [[Xara]]

* XPS ([[Open XML Paper Specification|XML Paper Specification]]) — page—page description language and a fixed-document format

==== 3D vector formats ====