Content deleted Content added
Line 110:
For generalized cases, the partition function of N particles in d-dimensions is given by
<math display="block"> Z = \frac{1}{h^{Nd}} \int e^{-\beta H(q_i, p_i)} \, d^d q_i \, d^d p_i, </math>
==== Classical continuous system (multiple identical particles) ====
|