Programming language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:02, 23 April 2025

Revision as of 06:14, 1 May 2025

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A programming language provides a structured mechanism for defining pieces of data, and the operations or transformations that may be carried out automatically on that data. A [[programmer]] uses the [[Abstraction (computer science)|abstractions]] present in the language to represent the concepts involved in a computation. These concepts are represented as a collection of the simplest elements available (called [[language primitive|primitives]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/book/book-Z-H-10.html|title=Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs|author=Abelson, Sussman, and Sussman|access-date=3 March 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226050622/http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/book/book-Z-H-10.html|archive-date=26 February 2009}}</ref> ''[[Computer Programming|Programming]]'' is the process by which programmers combine these primitives to compose new programs, or adapt existing ones to new uses or a changing environment.

Programs for a computer might be [[Execution (computing)|executed]] in a [[Batch processing|batch process]] without any human interaction, or a user might type [[Command (computing)|commands]] in an [[Session (computer science)|interactive session]] of an [[Interpreter (computing)|interpreter]]. In this case the "commands" are simply programs, whose execution is chained together. When a language can run its commands through an interpreter (such as a [[Unix shell]] or other [[command-line interface]]), without compiling, it is called a [[scripting language]].<ref>{{cite web

|url = http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.15/15.09/ScriptingLanguages/index.html

|title = Scripting Languages

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Combining and averaging information from various internet sites, stackify.com reported the ten most popular programming languages (in descending order by overall popularity): [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[JavaScript]], [[Visual Basic .NET|VB .NET]], [[R (programming language)|R]], [[PHP]], and [[MATLAB]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stackify.com/popular-programming-languages-2018/ |title=Most Popular and Influential Programming Languages of 2018 |publisher=stackify.com |date=2017-12-18 |access-date=2018-08-29 |archive-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830004924/https://stackify.com/popular-programming-languages-2018/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of June 2024, the top five programming languages as measured by [[TIOBE index]] are [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[C++]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]] and [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]. TIOBE provideprovides a list of top 100 programming languages according to popularity and update this list every month.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/ | title=TIOBE Index | access-date=24 June 2024 }}</ref>

==Dialects, flavors and implementations==