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A '''road hierarchy''' is a system for categorizing [[road]]s. Road networks worldwide are typically organized according to one or more schemes:
* ''Functional classification'' reflects a road’s intended role, balancing mobility (efficient through movement) and access (reaching properties) by defining a clear hierarchy from [[Arterial road|arterial]]s (including [[expressway]]s) to [[Collector road|collector]]s and local roads.<ref name="fhwa-functional-classification"/><ref name="erso-classification"/>
* ''Administrative classification'' mirrors government tiers responsible for funding and maintenance, creating a hierarchy from national to local roads.
* ''Design type classification'' groups roads by [[Geometric design of roads|geometric]] and operational characteristics, such as lane configuration and access control, and does not always form a strict hierarchy.<ref name="aashto-functional-classification"/><ref name="erso-classification"/>
While conceptually distinct, these classification systems often overlap in practice. Roads of higher administrative status typically serve higher functional roles and follow higher design standards, though exceptions are common. Most countries emphasize either functional or administrative classification for legal and planning purposes, while design standards are applied during implementation.<ref name="erso-classification">{{cite web |title=Road classification |url=https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/european-road-safety-observatory/statistics-and-analysis-archive/roads/road-classification_en |publisher=European Commission |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219203231/https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/european-road-safety-observatory/statistics-and-analysis-archive/roads/road-classification_en |archive-date=19 December 2024 |access-date=13 April 2025}}</ref>
The related concept of [[access management]] aims to provide access to [[real estate|land development]] while ensuring traffic flows freely and safely on surrounding roads.
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==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20011111044214/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/flex/ch03.htm FHWA - Functional Classification]{{Obsolete source |reason=There are two more recent editions with significant changes.|date=April 2025}}
* {{cite report |author=European Road Safety Observatory |date=2018 |chapter=Road classification |title=Roads |url=https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-07/ersosynthesis2018-roads.pdf |edition=2018 |publisher=European Commission |pages=5-6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625043417/https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-07/ersosynthesis2018-roads.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2022}}
* {{cite book |date=2006 |chapter=From theory to vision: Functional road categorization |___location=Leidschendam |editor-last1=Wegman |editor-first1=Fred |editor-last2=Aarts |editor-first2=Letty |title=Advancing Sustainable Safety: National Road Safety Outlook for 2005-2020 |translator-last1=Bastiaans |translator-first1=René |translator-last2=Breen |translator-first2=Jeanne |edition= |publication-place= |publisher=SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research |pages=37-38 |isbn=978-90-807958-7-7}}
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