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Removed atrocious unreliable source. The author is a perpetuator of hoaxes about his own accomplishments. See his linkedin for more on how he created the IMSAI 8080 and founded ComputerLand and created WordStar and created the standard test programs used by all the major chip manufacturers and built the first Old Spaghetti Factory alongside other equally fanciful claims. https://www.linkedin.com/in/bill-pentz-29584711/details/experience/ Tag: Reverted |
Cnet is a reliable source. Here's a picture of the computer's remains: https://www.digibarn.com/stories/bill-pentz-story/articles/SacState-8008-History_IEEE_rev3.pdf Tags: Manual revert Reverted |
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===Very Large Scale Integration===
[[Image:Diopsis.jpg|thumb|right|A VLSI integrated-circuit [[die (integrated circuit)|die]] ]]
A major milestone in software development was the invention of the [[Very Large Scale Integration]] (VLSI) circuit (1964).<ref name="digibarn_bp">{{cite web
| url=https://www.digibarn.com/stories/bill-pentz-story/index.html#story
| title=Bill Pentz — A bit of Background: the Post-War March to VLSI
| publisher=Digibarn Computer Museum
| date=August 2008
| access-date=January 31, 2022
| archive-date=March 21, 2022
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321183527/https://www.digibarn.com/stories/bill-pentz-story/index.html#story
| url-status=live
}}</ref> Following [[World War II]], tube-based technology was replaced with [[point-contact transistor]]s (1947) and [[bipolar junction transistor]]s (late 1950s) mounted on a [[circuit board]].<ref name="digibarn_bp"/> [[Invention of the integrated circuit|During the 1960s]], the [[aerospace]] industry replaced the circuit board with an [[integrated circuit chip]].<ref name="digibarn_bp"/>
[[Robert Noyce]], co-founder of [[Fairchild Semiconductor]] (1957) and [[Intel]] (1968), achieved a technological improvement to refine the [[Semiconductor device fabrication|production]] of [[field-effect transistor]]s (1963).<ref name="digital_age">{{cite book
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}}</ref> The MOS transistor is the primary component in ''integrated circuit chips''.<ref name="digital_age"/>
Originally, integrated circuit chips had their function set during manufacturing. During the 1960s, controlling the electrical flow migrated to programming a [[Diode matrix|matrix]] of [[read-only memory]] (ROM). The matrix resembled a two-dimensional array of fuses.<ref name="digibarn_bp"/> The process to embed instructions onto the matrix was to burn out the unneeded connections.<ref name="digibarn_bp"/> There were so many connections, [[firmware]] programmers wrote a ''computer program'' on another chip to oversee the burning.<ref name="digibarn_bp"/> The technology became known as [[Programmable ROM]]. In 1971, Intel [[stored-program computer|installed the computer program onto the chip]] and named it the [[Intel 4004]] [[microprocessor]].<ref name="intel_4004">{{cite web
| url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/chip-hall-of-fame-intel-4004-microprocessor
| title=Chip Hall of Fame: Intel 4004 Microprocessor
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| access-date=February 5, 2022
}}</ref>
===Sac State 8008===
[[File:Sacstate 8008.jpg|thumb|Artist's depiction of Sacramento State University's Intel 8008 microcomputer (1972)]]
The Intel 4004 (1971) was a 4-[[bit]] microprocessor designed to run the [[Busicom]] calculator. Five months after its release, Intel released the [[Intel 8008]], an 8-bit microprocessor. Bill Pentz led a team at [[Sacramento State]] to build the first [[microcomputer]] using the Intel 8008: the ''Sac State 8008'' (1972).<ref name="cnet">{{cite web
| url=https://www.cnet.com/news/inside-the-worlds-long-lost-first-microcomputer/
| title=Inside the world's long-lost first microcomputer
| publisher=c/net
| date=January 8, 2010
| access-date=January 31, 2022
| archive-date=February 1, 2022
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201023538/https://www.cnet.com/news/inside-the-worlds-long-lost-first-microcomputer/
| url-status=live
}}</ref> Its purpose was to store patient medical records. The computer supported a [[disk operating system]] to run a [[Memorex]], 3-[[megabyte]], [[hard disk drive]].<ref name="digibarn_bp"/> It had a color display and keyboard that was packaged in a single console. The disk operating system was programmed using [[IBM Basic Assembly Language and successors|IBM's Basic Assembly Language (BAL)]]. The medical records application was programmed using a [[BASIC]] interpreter.<ref name="digibarn_bp"/> However, the computer was an evolutionary dead-end because it was extremely expensive. Also, it was built at a public university lab for a specific purpose.<ref name="cnet"/> Nonetheless, the project contributed to the development of the [[Intel 8080]] (1974) [[instruction set]].<ref name="digibarn_bp"/>
===x86 series===
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