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[[File:Computer monitor screen image simulated.jpg|alt=A close-up photograph of a computer monitor.|thumb|A computer monitor provides a visual interface between the machine and the user.]]
'''Human–computer interaction''' ('''HCI''') is the process through which people operate and engage with computer systems. Research in HCI covers the design and the use of computer technology, which focuses on the interfaces between people (users) and computers. HCI researchers observe the ways humans interact with computers and design technologies that allow humans to interact with computers in novel ways.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Helander |first=M. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=6vnSAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=what+is+human+computer+interaction&ots=ikLNJ2KrbJ&sig=kdDKs0CkMBTTml6RL3Yn7DvsF7Y#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20human%20computer%20interaction&f=false |title=Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction |date=2014-06-28 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-4832-9513-8 |language=en}}</ref> These include visual, auditory, and tactile (haptic) feedback systems, which serve as channels for interaction in both traditional interfaces and mobile computing contexts.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hampton |first1=W. H. |title=Haptic Rewards: How Mobile Vibrations Shape Reward Response and Consumer Choice |journal=Journal of Consumer Research |year=2025 |doi=10.1093/jcr/ucaf025 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaf025 }}</ref>
A device that allows interaction between human being and a computer is known as a "'''human–computer interface'''".
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{{main|User interface}}
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A human–computer interface can be described as the interface of communication between a human user and a computer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hartson |first=H. Rex |last2=Hix |first2=Deborah |date=1989-03-01 |title=Human-computer interface development: concepts and systems for its management |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/62029.62031 |journal=ACM Comput. Surv. |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=5–92 |doi=10.1145/62029.62031 |issn=0360-0300}}</ref> The flow of information between the human and computer is defined as the ''loop of interaction''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Costa |first=Pedro Maurício |last2=Galvão |first2=Teresa |last3=Falcão e Cunha |first3=João |last4=Pitt |first4=Jeremy |date=2015-06 |title=How to support the design and development of interactive pervasive environments |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7170680/ |journal=2015 8th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI) |pages=278–284 |doi=10.1109/HSI.2015.7170680}}</ref> The loop of interaction has several aspects to it, including:
* '''Visual based''': The visual-based human–computer interaction is probably the most widespread human–computer interaction (HCI) research area.
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