Content deleted Content added
m Bot: http → https |
m mark free doi |
||
Line 48:
* and which coefficients will be given fixed/unchanging values (e.g. to provide measurement scales for latent variables as in Figure 2).
The latent level of a model is composed of [[Exogenous and endogenous variables|''endogenous'' and ''exogenous'' variables]]. The endogenous latent variables are the true-score variables postulated as receiving effects from at least one other modeled variable. Each endogenous variable is modeled as the dependent variable in a regression-style equation. The exogenous latent variables are background variables postulated as causing one or more of the endogenous variables and are modeled like the predictor variables in regression-style equations. Causal connections among the exogenous variables are not explicitly modeled but are usually acknowledged by modeling the exogenous variables as freely correlating with one another. The model may include intervening variables – variables receiving effects from some variables but also sending effects to other variables. As in regression, each endogenous variable is assigned a residual or error variable encapsulating the effects of unavailable and usually unknown causes. Each latent variable, whether [[Exogenous and endogenous variables|exogenous or endogenous]], is thought of as containing the cases' true-scores on that variable, and these true-scores causally contribute valid/genuine variations into one or more of the observed/reported indicator variables.<ref name="BMvH03">{{cite journal | doi=10.1037/0033-295X.110.2.203 | title=The theoretical status of latent variables | date=2003 | last1=Borsboom | first1=Denny | last2=Mellenbergh | first2=Gideon J. | last3=Van Heerden | first3=Jaap | journal=Psychological Review | volume=110 | issue=2 | pages=203–219 | pmid=12747522 }}</ref>
The LISREL program assigned Greek names to the elements in a set of matrices to keep track of the various model components. These names became relatively standard notation, though the notation has been extended and altered to accommodate a variety of statistical considerations.<ref name="JS76"/><ref name="Hayduk87"/><ref name="Bollen89"/><ref name="Kline16" >Kline, Rex. (2016) Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed). New York, Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-4625-2334-4</ref> Texts and programs "simplifying" model specification via diagrams or by using equations permitting user-selected variable names, re-convert the user's model into some standard matrix-algebra form in the background. The "simplifications" are achieved by implicitly introducing default program "assumptions" about model features with which users supposedly need not concern themselves. Unfortunately, these default assumptions easily obscure model components that leave unrecognized issues lurking within the model's structure, and underlying matrices.
Two main components of models are distinguished in SEM: the ''structural model'' showing potential causal dependencies between [[Exogenous and endogenous variables|endogenous and exogenous latent variables]], and the ''measurement model'' showing the causal connections between the latent variables and the indicators. Exploratory and confirmatory [[factor analysis]] models, for example, focus on the causal measurement connections, while [[path analysis (statistics)|path models]] more closely correspond to SEMs latent structural connections.
Line 238:
* Deep Path Modelling <ref name="Ing2024"/>
* Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marsh |first1=Herbert W. |last2=Morin |first2=Alexandre J.S. |last3=Parker |first3=Philip D. |last4=Kaur |first4=Gurvinder |date=2014-03-28 |title=Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling: An Integration of the Best Features of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153700 |journal=Annual Review of Clinical Psychology |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=85–110 |doi=10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153700 |pmid=24313568 |issn=1548-5943|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* Fusion validity models<ref name="HEH19">{{doi|10.3389/psyg.2019.01139|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Item response theory]] models {{citation needed|date=July 2023}}
* [[Latent class models]] {{citation needed|date=July 2023}}
| |||