Virtual reality applications: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 22:18, 18 July 2025

Revision as of 21:12, 29 July 2025

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[[NASA]] has used VR technology for decades,<ref>{{Cite news |title=NASA shows the world its 20-year virtual reality experiment to train astronauts: The inside story - TechRepublic |url=http://www.techrepublic.com/article/nasa-shows-the-world-its-20-year-vr-experiment-to-train-astronauts/ |access-date=2017-03-15 |work=TechRepublic}}</ref> the most notable being their use of immersive VR to train astronauts before flights. VR simulations include exposure to zero-gravity work environments, training on how to spacewalk<ref>{{Cite news |last=James |first=Paul |date=2016-04-19 |title=A Look at NASA's Hybrid Reality Astronaut Training System, Powered by HTC Vive – Road to VR |url=http://www.roadtovr.com/a-look-at-nasas-hybrid-reality-astronaut-training-system-powered-by-htc-vive/ |access-date=2017-03-15 |work=Road to VR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-11 |title=How NASA is Using Virtual and Augmented Reality to Train Astronauts |url=https://unimersiv.com/how-nasa-is-using-virtual-and-augmented-reality-to-train-astronauts-37/ |access-date=2017-03-15 |work=Unimersiv}}</ref> and tool usage using low-cost tool mock-ups.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Greenstein |first=Zvi |date=1 August 2016 |title=Hybrid Reality Astronaut Training Will NASA Prepare Astronauts |url=https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2016/08/01/astronauts-next-steps-journey-space-will-virtual/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |work=The Official NVIDIA Blog}}</ref>

[[Flight simulators]] are another form of VR training. They can range from a fully enclosed module to computer monitors providing the pilot's point of view.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dourado|first1=Antônio O.|last2=Martin|first2=C.A.|title=New concept of dynamic flight simulator, Part I|journal=Aerospace Science and Technology|volume=30|issue=1|pages=79–82 |doi=10.1016/j.ast.2013.07.005|date=2013|bibcode=2013AeST...30...79D }}</ref> Driving simulations can train tank drivers on the basics before allowing them to operate the real vehicle.<ref name="Virtual Reality Training">{{cite web | url = http://science.howstuffworks.com/virtual-military1.htm | title = How Virtual Reality Military Applications Work| date = 2007-08-27}}</ref> Similar principles are applied in truck driving simulators for specialized vehicles such as fire trucks. As these drivers often have limited opportunity for real-world experience, VR training provides additional training time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nieuws Pivo en VDAB bundelen rijopleiding vrachtwagens| work=Het Nieuwsblad | date=13 November 2013 |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=DMF20131112_00836126|publisher=Het Nieuwsblad|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref>

=== High school and college education ===

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=== Altering perception, emotion and physiological states ===

Studies have considered how the form we take in virtual reality can affect our perception and actions. One study suggested that embodying the body of a child can cause objects to be perceived as much larger than otherwise.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Slater|first1=Mel|last2=Pérez Marcos|first2=Daniel|last3=Ehrsson|first3=Henrik|last4=Sanchez-Vives|first4=Maria V.|date=2009|title=Inducing illusory ownership of a virtual body|journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience|language=en|volume=3|issue=2|pages=214–20|doi=10.3389/neuro.01.029.2009|issn=1662-453X|pmc=2751618|pmid=20011144|doi-access=free}}</ref> Another study found that white individuals who embodied the form of a dark-skinned avatar performed a drumming task with a more varied style than otherwise.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kilteni|first1=Konstantina|last2=Bergstrom|first2=Ilias|last3=Slater|first3=Mel|date=April 2013|title=Drumming in immersive virtual reality: the body shapes the way we play|journal=IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics|volume=19|issue=4|pages=597–605|doi=10.1109/TVCG.2013.29|issn=1941-0506|pmid=23428444|bibcode=2013ITVCG..19..597K |hdl=2445/53803|s2cid=12001492|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

Research exploring perception, emotions and physiological responses within VR suggest that virtual environments can alter how a person responds to stimuli. For example, a virtual park coupled affects subjects' anxiety levels.<ref name="Riva 2007">{{Cite journal|last1=Riva|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Mantovani|first2=Fabrizia|last3=Capideville|first3=Claret Samantha|last4=Preziosa|first4=Alessandra|last5=Morganti|first5=Francesca|last6=Villani|first6=Daniela|last7=Gaggioli|first7=Andrea|last8=Botella|first8=Cristina|last9=Alcañiz|first9=Mariano|date=February 2007|title=Affective interactions using virtual reality: the link between presence and emotions|journal=Cyberpsychology & Behavior |volume=10|issue=1|pages=45–56|doi=10.1089/cpb.2006.9993|issn=1094-9313|pmid=17305448|s2cid=18971101 }}</ref> Similarly, simulated driving through dark areas in a virtual tunnel can induce fear.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mühlberger|first1=Andreas|last2=Wieser|first2=Matthias J.|last3=Pauli|first3=Paul|s2cid=7637033|date=2008-01-01|title=Darkness-enhanced startle responses in ecologically valid environments: A virtual tunnel driving experiment|journal=Biological Psychology|volume=77|issue=1|pages=47–52|doi=10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.004|pmid=17950519}}</ref> Social interaction with virtual characters has been shown to produce physiological responses such as changes in heart rate and galvanic skin responses.<ref name="Slater 2006">{{Cite journal|last1=Slater|first1=Mel|last2=Guger|first2=Christoph|last3=Edlinger|first3=Guenter|last4=Leeb|first4=Robert|last5=Pfurtscheller|first5=Gert|last6=Antley|first6=Angus|last7=Garau|first7=Maia|last8=Brogni|first8=Andrea|last9=Friedman|first9=Doron|s2cid=5572769|date=2006-10-01|title=Analysis of Physiological Responses to a Social Situation in an Immersive Virtual Environment|journal=Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments|volume=15|issue=5|pages=553–569|citeseerx=10.1.1.105.3332|doi=10.1162/pres.15.5.553|issn=1054-7460}}</ref>