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{{See also|History of artificial intelligence|Progress in artificial intelligence}}
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! rowspan=2 | Antiquity
|Greek myths of [[Hephaestus]] and [[Pygmalion (mythology)|Pygmalion]] incorporated the idea of intelligent [[automata]] (such as [[Talos]]) and artificial beings (such as [[Galatea (
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| [[Cult image|Sacred mechanical statues]] built in [[ancient Egypt|Egypt]] and [[ancient Greece|Greece]] were believed to be capable of wisdom and emotion. [[Hermes Trismegistus]] would write "they have ''sensus'' and ''spiritus'' ... by discovering the true nature of the gods, man has been able to reproduce it."{{sfn|McCorduck|2004|p=4-5}}
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| [[Wolfgang von Kempelen]] built and toured with his [[chess]]-playing [[automaton]], [[Mechanical Turk|The Turk]], which Kempelen claimed could defeat human players.{{sfn|McCorduck|2004|p=17}} The Turk was later shown to be a [[hoax]], involving a human chess player.
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! 1795–1805
| The simplest kind of [[artificial neural network]] is the linear network. It has been known for over two centuries as the [[method of least squares]] or [[linear regression]]. It was used as a means of finding a good rough linear fit to a set of points by [[Adrien-Marie Legendre]] (1805)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adrien-Marie Legendre |url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_FRcOAAAAQAAJ |title=Nouvelles méthodes pour la détermination des orbites des comètes |date=1805 |publisher=F. Didot |others=Ghent University |language=French}}</ref> and [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] (1795)<ref name="gauss1795">{{cite journal |first=Stephen M. |last=Stigler |year=1981 |title=Gauss and the Invention of Least Squares |journal=Ann. Stat. |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=465–474 |doi=10.1214/aos/1176345451 |doi-access=free }}</ref> for the prediction of planetary movement.{{sfn|Schmidhuber|2022}}<ref>
{{cite book |last = Stigler
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! 1912-1914
| [[Leonardo Torres Quevedo]] built an automaton for chess endgames, [[El Ajedrecista]]. He was called "the 20th century's first AI pioneer".{{sfn|Schmidhuber|2022}} In his ''Essays on Automatics'' (1914), Torres published speculation about thinking and automata and introduced the idea of [[floating-point arithmetic]].<ref>{{Harvnb|McCorduck|2004|pp=59–60}}</ref><ref name=RANDELL>{{
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! 1923
| [[Karel Čapek]]'s play ''[[R.U.R.]] (Rossum's Universal Robots)'' opened in London. This is the first use of the word "[[robot]]" in English.<ref>{{Harvnb|McCorduck|2004|p=25}}</ref>
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| [[Wilhelm Lenz]] and [[Ernst Ising]] created and analyzed the [[Ising model]] (1925)<ref name="brush67">{{cite journal |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.39.883|title=History of the Lenz-Ising Model|year=1967|last1=Brush|first1=Stephen G.|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=39|issue=4|pages=883–893|bibcode=1967RvMP...39..883B}}</ref> which can be viewed as the first artificial [[recurrent neural network]] (RNN) consisting of neuron-like threshold elements.{{sfn|Schmidhuber|2022}} In 1972, [[Shun'ichi Amari]] made this architecture adaptive.<ref name="Amari1972">{{cite journal |last1=Amari |first1=Shun-Ichi |title=Learning patterns and pattern sequences by self-organizing nets of threshold elements|journal= IEEE Transactions |date=1972 |volume=C |issue=21 |pages=1197–1206 }}</ref>{{sfn|Schmidhuber|2022}}
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! rowspan=4 | 2015
|Two techniques were developed concurrently to train very deep networks: [[highway network]],<ref name="highway20152">{{cite arXiv |eprint=1505.00387 |class=cs.LG |first1=Rupesh Kumar |last1=Srivastava |first2=Klaus |last2=Greff |title=Highway Networks |date=2 May 2015 |last3=Schmidhuber |first3=Jürgen}}</ref> and the [[residual neural network]] (ResNet).<ref name="resnet20152">{{Cite book |last1=He |first1=Kaiming |last2=Zhang |first2=Xiangyu |last3=Ren |first3=Shaoqing |last4=Sun |first4=Jian |title=2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) |chapter=Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition |date=2016 |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7780459 |publisher=IEEE |pages=770–778 |arxiv=1512.03385 |doi=10.1109/CVPR.2016.90 |isbn=978-1-4673-8851-1
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|In January 2015, [[Stephen Hawking]], [[Elon Musk]], and dozens of artificial intelligence experts signed an [[Open letter on artificial intelligence (2015)|open letter on artificial intelligence]] calling for research on the societal impacts of AI.<ref name=telegraph>{{cite news |last1=Sparkes |first1=Matthew |date=13 January 2015 |title=Top scientists call for caution over artificial intelligence|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11342200/Top-scientists-call-for-caution-over-artificial-intelligence.html|access-date=24 April 2015 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph (UK)]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence: An Open Letter |url=https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/ai-open-letter/ |publisher=Future of Life Institute |access-date=14 September 2023 }}</ref>
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In October 2023, AlpineGate AI Technologies Inc. CEO John Godel announced the launch of their AI Suite, AGImageAI, along with their proprietary GPT model, AlbertAGPT.
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|On October 30, 2023, US President Biden signed the ''[[Executive Order 14110|Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence]].''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morrison |first1=Sara |date=October 31, 2023 |title=President Biden's new plan to regulate AI. Now comes the hard part: Congress. |language=en |work=Vox News |url=https://www.vox.com/technology/2023/10/31/23939157/biden-ai-executive-order |access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence |date=30 October 2023 |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/30/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/ |access-date=3 November 2023}}</ref>
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