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'''Dart''' is a [[programming language]] designed by [[Lars Bak (computer programmer)|Lars Bak]] and Kasper Lund and developed by [[Google]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Bit About Dart - Learn Dart: First Step to Flutter |url=https://www.educative.io/courses/learn-dart-first-step-to-flutter/g7kmn5r74ok |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=Educative: Interactive Courses for Software Developers |language=en}}</ref> It can be used to develop [[Web application|web]] and [[mobile app]]s as well as [[Server (computing)|server]] and [[Application software|desktop applications]].
Dart is an [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], [[Class-based programming|class-based]], [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage-collected]] language with [[C (programming language)|C]]-style [[Syntax (programming languages)|syntax]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dart.dev/guides/language/language-tour#important-concepts|title=A Tour of the Dart Language|website=dart.dev|access-date=2018-08-09}}</ref> It can [[compiler|compile]] to [[machine code]], [[JavaScript]], or [[WebAssembly]]. It supports [[Interface (object-oriented programming)|interfaces]], [[mixin]]s, [[abstract class]]es, [[Reification (computer science)|reified]] [[Generic programming|generics]] and [[type inference]].<ref name="The Dart type system"
==History==
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Dart 2.6 introduced a new extension, <code>dart2native</code>. This extended native compilation to the Linux, macOS, and Windows desktop platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dart language evolution |url=https://dart.dev/guides/language/evolution |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=dart.dev |language=en}}</ref> Earlier developers could create new tools using only Android or iOS devices. With this extension, developers could deploy a program into self-contained executables. The Dart SDK doesn't need to be installed to run these self-contained executables.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dart overview |url=https://dart.dev/overview.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=dart.dev |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The [[Flutter (software)|Flutter]] toolkit integrates Dart, so it can compile on small services like backend support.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3454623/dart-26-brings-native-compilation-to-the-desktop.html|title=Dart 2.5 brings native compilation to the desktop|website=Infoworld|date=20 November 2019|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sdtimes.com/goog/dart-2-6-released-with-dart2native/|title=Dart 2.6 released with dart2native|website=SDtimes|date=7 November 2019|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref>
Dart 3.0 was released in May 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dart language evolution |url=https://dart.dev/guides/language/evolution |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=dart.dev |language=en}}</ref> with changes to the type system to require sound null safety. This release included new features like records, patterns,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patterns |url=https://dart.dev/language/patterns.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=dart.dev |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and class modifiers.<ref>{{Cite web
Dart can compile to [[WebAssembly]] since version 3.4.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Thomsen |first=Michael |date=2024-05-14 |title=Landing Flutter 3.22 and Dart 3.4 at Google I/O 2024 |url=https://medium.com/flutter/io24-5e211f708a37 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Flutter |language=en}}</ref>
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The first Dart-to-JavaScript compiler was <code>dartc</code>. It was deprecated in Dart 2.0.
The second Dart-to-JavaScript compiler was frog.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Towards a single Dart to JavaScript compiler |date=10 September 2019 |url=https://news.dartlang.org/2012/02/towards-single-dart-to-javascript.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |language=en}}</ref> Written in Dart, it was introduced in 2013 and deprecated in 2020. This should not be confused with Dart Frog, an open-source Dart framework for building backend systems from [[Very Good Ventures]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenewstack.io/dart-frog-a-frontend-language-moves-to-the-backend/|title=Dart Frog: A Frontend Language Moves to the Backend|first=Loraine|last=Lawson|date=March 2, 2023}}</ref>
The third Dart-to-JavaScript compiler is <code>dart2js</code>. Introduced in Dart 2.0,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Kevin |date=2018-08-08 |title=Announcing Dart 2 Stable and the Dart Web Platform |url=https://medium.com/dartlang/dart-2-stable-and-the-dart-web-platform-3775d5f8eac7 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Dart |language=en}}</ref> the Dart-based <code>dart2js</code> evolved from earlier compilers. It intended to implement the full Dart language specification and semantics. Developers use this compiler for production builds. It compiles to [[Minification (programming)|minified JavaScript]].
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