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* English translation: {{cite journal |last1=Ell |first1=Theodore |title=Two letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, concerning his natural observations: first full English translation. Part 2. |journal=Earth Sciences History |date=2012 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=168–192|doi=10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751 |bibcode=2012ESHis..31..168E }}</ref> which was based on much study of rocks of the southern [[Alps]], grouped the rocks into four series. These were (in addition to the Volcanic or Quaternary) as follows: the Primary series, which consisted of [[schist]]s from the core of the mountains; the Secondary, which consisted of the hard [[sedimentary rock]]s on the mountain flanks; and the Tertiary, which consisted of the less hardened sedimentary rocks of the foothills. Because this arrangement did not always hold true for mountain ranges other than the Alps, the Primary and the Secondary were dropped in the general case. However, the term 'Tertiary' has persisted in geological literature until its recent replacement by the [[Palaeogene]] and [[Neogene]] periods. The last period of the [[Cenozoic]] Era is still known as the [[Quaternary]] period. The Cenozoic was studied and further determined by, among others, the English geologist (and mentor of [[Charles Darwin]]) [[Charles Lyell]].<ref name=Bates/>
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==Bibliography==
* {{cite encyclopedia
| last = Rodolico
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| isbn = 0-684-10114-9
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* {{DBI|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giovanni-arduino_(Dizionario-Biografico)|first=Mario|last=Gliozzi|title=ARDUINO, Giovanni|volume=4}}
* {{cite book
| last = Vaccari
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* {{cite journal | title = Two Letters of Signor Giovanni Arduino, Concerning his Natural Observations: First Full English Translation. Part 1| year = 2011 | last1 = Ell | first1 = Theodore | journal = Earth Sciences History | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 267–286| doi = 10.17704/eshi.30.2.22r632j0x453gj45 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2011ESHis..30..267E }}
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==External links==
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