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The '''visual cortex''' of the [[brain]] is the area of the [[braincerebral cortex]] that performs higher-order sensory processing ofprocesses [[visual perception|visual information]] and presents it into conscious awareness. It is located in the [[occipital lobe]]. Sensory input originating from the [[eye]]s travels through the [[lateral geniculate nucleus]] in the [[thalamus]] and then reaches the visual cortex. The area of the visual cortex that receives the sensory input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary visual cortex, also known as visual area 1, ([[Brodmann area#BA17,V1|V1]]), [[Brodmann area]] 17<!---don't wikilink it as long as it redirects to here--->, or the '''striate cortex'''. The [[extrastriate cortex|extrastriate]] areas, or secondary visual cortex, consistsconsist of visual areas 2, 3, 4, and 5 (also known as V2, V3, V4, and V5, or [[Brodmann area 18]] and all [[Brodmann area 19]]).<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Mather G |title=The Visual Cortex |url=http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/George_Mather/Linked%20Pages/Physiol/Cortex.html |publisher=School of Life Sciences: University of Sussex |access-date=6 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
Both [[cerebral hemisphere|cerebral hemispheres of the brain]] include a visual cortex; the visual cortex in the left hemisphere receives signals from the right [[visual field]], and the visual cortex in the right hemisphere receives signals from the left visual field.
==Introduction==
Differences in size of V1 also seem to have an effect on the [[Interindividual differences in perception|perception of illusions]].<ref name="surface_V1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Schwarzkopf DS, Song C, Rees G | title = The surface area of human V1 predicts the subjective experience of object size | journal = Nature Neuroscience | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 28–30 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21131954 | pmc = 3012031 | doi = 10.1038/nn.2706 }}</ref>
[https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=7yagBSIAAAAJ&citation_for_view=7yagBSIAAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C Recent studies] have shown the existence of two gamma rhythms in the hippocampus subserving different functions but, to date, primate studies in primary visual cortex have reported a single gamma rhythm. Here, the authors show that large visual stimuli induce a slow gamma (25–45 Hz) in area V1 of two awake adult female bonnet monkeys and in the EEG of 15 human subjects (7 males and 8 females), in addition to the traditionally known fast gamma (45–70 Hz). The two rhythms had different tuning characteristics for stimulus orientation, contrast, drift speed, and size. Further, fast gamma had short latency, strongly entrained spikes and was coherent over short distances, reflecting short-range processing, whereas slow gamma appeared to reflect long-range processing. Together, two gamma rhythms can potentially provide better coding or communication mechanisms and a more comprehensive biomarker for diagnos. This is a spectacular research done by [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nsdC4UcAAAAJ&hl=en Dinavahi VPS Murty], [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7yagBSIAAAAJ&hl=en Vinay Shirhatti], [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BkahjV4AAAAJ&hl=en Poojya Ravishankar], [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=zX65BKYAAAAJ&hl=en Supratim Ray]
== V2 == <!--Please keep this header, as it is a redirect -->
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