Common rail: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 16:54, 7 ott 2005

Versione delle 19:34, 7 ott 2005

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{{da aiutare}}

Il '''common rail''' è una versione moderna del [[motore diesel]] ad [[iniezione diretta]]. poiÈ evolutasicaratterizzato neldalla [[multijet]]presenza basatadi suun'unica trecondotto iniettoriad anzichéalta cinque,pressione quindi(oltre ha1000 un[[bar]]) consumoper notevolmenteil piùcarburante elevatoche perchéalimenta le "dosi"valvole dela carburante[[solenoide]] iniettatesui sonocilindri. molto piu grandi.

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'''Common rail direct fuel injection''' is a modern variant of direct [[fuel injection]] system for [[Diesel engine]]s. It features a high-[[pressure]] (1000+ [[bar (unit)|bar]]) fuel rail feeding individual [[solenoid]] valves, as opposed to low-pressure [[fuel pump]] feeding [[pump-nozzle]]s or high-pressure fuel line to mechanical valves controlled by cams on the [[camshaft]]. 3rd generation common rail diesels now feature [[piezo]] injectors for even greater accuracy, with fuel pressures up to 1700 bar.

Solenoid or piezo valves make possible fine [[Electronic control unit|electronic control]] over injection time and amount and high pressure provides better fuel [[atomisation]]. In order to lower engine [[noise]], a small ''pilot'' amount of fuel can be injected just before the main load, effectively reducing its explosiveness; some advanced common rail fuel systems perform as many as five injections per stroke.

Common rail engines feature no heating up time, lower engine noise and lower emissions than older systems.

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Si è poi evoluta nel [[motore multijet|multijet]] basata su tre iniettori anziché cinque, quindi con un consumo di carburante più elevato perché le "dosi" del carburante iniettate sono maggiori.

== Storia ==

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Common rail engines have been used in marine and locomotive applications in times past. The Cooper-Bessemer GN-8 (circa 1942) is an example of a hydraulically operated common rail diesel engine, also know as a modified common rail.

With rising fuel prices throughout the [[1990s]], a number of companies, including [[Robert Bosch GmbH]], [[Fiat]] and [[Volvo]], attempted (separately) to develop new Diesel engines with lower emissions and higher [[fuel efficiency]].

Common rail engines were first used by the Fiat subsidary [[Alfa Romeo]], and the technology is most commonly used by Fiat, under their [[MultiJet]] brandname. The engines are suitable for all types of road car, including small hatchbacks such as the [[Fiat Panda (2003)|Fiat Panda]].

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== Collegamenti esterni ==

* {{en}} [http://www.bsg-gmbh.com/front_content.php?idcatart=28&lang=3&client=1 BSG GmbH: il sistema common rail cosviluppato da Daimler-Benz, Fiat, Elasis e Bosch]

[[Categoria:Motore]]