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He moved to Exeter in 1939 where he became a psychotherapist in a large psychiatric practice and conducted his first group-analytic psychotherapy group. He was then called up to the army and was posted to the Military Neurosis Centre at Northfield in 1942 where he took part in developing a range of innovative treatments, many of them group based, and he pioneered both group analytic and therapeutic community methods.
After the War he resumed his psychoanalytic practice and he quickly started to conduct group analytic groups in his private practice. He was recognised as a training analyst by the Freudian B Group at the London Institute and obtained an appointment at St Bartholomew's Hospital where he worked until his retirement in 1963.
Foulkes also had interests in [[neurology]], [[psychiatry]], [[sociology]], and [[psychology]]. Foulkes' early work with groups of WW2 soldiers at [[Northfield Hospital]] (UK) contributed to his founding of the Group Analytic Society (GAS) in 1952, based in London and with international membership.<ref>http://www.groupanalyticsociety.co.uk/</ref> He was later instrumental in starting the [[Institute of Group Analysis]] (IGA) in 1971 for training practitioners. Both the GAS and the IGA have spawned numerous related professional associations and training bodies in the UK and several other countries. Foulkes regarded groups as basic to human existence, all individuals being born into social groups (families, cultures, societies) that shape the lifespan continuously in conscious and less conscious ways.
Group Analysis, as a form of psychotherapy, values communication and relationship, dialogue and exchange. It privileges the analysis of current relationships and dynamics within the group as the focus of psychotherapeutic work.
S. H. Foulkes died suddenly from a coronary thrombosis in 1976, aged 77, whilst conducting a seminar.
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