Striscia di Gaza: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 10:24, 14 giu 2025

Versione delle 10:45, 14 giu 2025

Riga 78:

Rivendicata dai palestinesi nel 1994, assieme alla [[Cisgiordania]] e a [[Gerusalemme Est]], come parte dello [[Stato di Palestina]] nella regione storico-geografica della [[Palestina]], è passata gradualmente sotto il controllo politico-amministrativo dell'[[Autorità Nazionale Palestinese]], completato con il [[Piano di disimpegno unilaterale israeliano|ritiro dei militari e dei coloni israeliani degli insediamenti nel 2005]].

Dal 2007 è però di fatto governata direttamente da [[Hamas]] in seguito alle [[Elezioni legislative in Palestina del 2006|elezioni legislative del 2006]] e alla [[Battaglia di Gaza (2007)|battaglia di Gaza del 2007]] tra [[Fatah]] e [[Hamas]]. Le [[Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite|Nazioni Unite]], le organizzazioni internazionali per i diritti umani e la maggioranza dei governi considerano il territorio ancora [[Territorio occupato|occupato]] da Israele, che mantiene sulla striscia un [[Blocco della Striscia di Gaza|blocco]] insieme all'Egitto. La [[Corte internazionale di giustizia|Corte Internazionale di Giustizia]] dell'ONU ha stabilito che il territorio di Gaza è occupato illegalmente dal 1967<ref>{{Cita web|lingua=it-IT|url=https://www.amnesty.it/corte-internazionale-di-giustizia-illegale-loccupazione-dei-territori-palestinesi/|titolo=Corte internazionale di giustizia: illegale l’occupazione dei Territori palestinesi|sito=Amnesty International Italia|data=2024-07-19|accesso=2025-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|lingua=en-GB|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjerjzxlpvdo|titolo=ICJ says Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories is illegal|sito=www.bbc.com|data=2024-07-19|accesso=2025-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|lingua=en-US|autore=M.I|url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/draft-resolution-icj-advisory-palestine-11sep24/|titolo=Advisory opinion of the ICJ on the legal consequences arising from Israel’s policies and practices in OPT, including East Jerusalem, and from the illegality of Israel’s continued presence in OPT - GA 10th Emergency Special Session - draft resolution (A/ES-10/L.31)|sito=Question of Palestine|accesso=2025-02-21}}</ref>, in quanto Israele controlla, ''inter alia'', lo spazio aereo e marittimo della Striscia, sei dei sette attraversamenti della frontiera terrestre, lo spazio elettromagnetico e il movimento di merci e persone dentro e fuori dalla Striscia.<ref name=occ>*{{cita pubblicazione|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429#v=onepage&q&f=false|p=429|nome=Andrew|cognome=Sanger|titolo=The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla|rivista=Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2010|volume=13|editore=Springer Science & Business Media|anno=2011|isbn=978-90-6704-811-8|doi=10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14|accesso=22 maggio 2016|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021326/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429#v=onepage&q&f=false|urlmorto=no | issn = 1389-1359}}"Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it is neither a Stale nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel, but rather it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However the Plan also provided that Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian-Gaza border, and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will. <br />Israel continues to control six of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings. Troops from the Israeli Defence Force regularly enter pans of the territory and/or deploy missile attacks, drones and sonic bombs into Gaza. Israel has declared a no-go buffer zone that stretches deep into Gaza: if Gazans enter this zone they are shot on sight. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications and other utilities, currency, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000 aside from a limited number of exceptions Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry.<br />It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied."<br />* {{cita libro|titolo=International Law and the Classification of Conflicts|curatore=Elizabeth Wilmshurst|autore=Iain Scobbie|editore=Oxford University Press|anno=2012|isbn=978-0-19-965775-9|p=295|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295#v=onepage&q&f=false|accesso=22 maggio 2016|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305185645/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295#v=onepage&q&f=false|urlmorto=no}}"Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza."<br />* {{cita libro|titolo=Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships|autore=Michelle Gawerc|editore=Lexington Books|anno=2012|isbn=978-0-7391-6610-9|p=44|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false|accesso=22 maggio 2016|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306221605/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false|urlmorto=no}}"While Israel withdrew from the immediate territory, it remained in control of all access to and from Gaza through the border crossings, as well as through the coastline and the airspace. In addition, Gaza was dependent upon Israel for water, electricity sewage communication networks and for its trade (Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). ln other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians - as well as many human right organizations and international bodies - argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied."</ref>

La Striscia di Gaza rimane quindi al centro del [[Conflitto arabo-israeliano|conflitto israelo-palestinese]], e di ripetute [[Conflitto Israele-Striscia di Gaza|guerre tra Israele e Gaza]] scoppiate negli ultimi anni ([[Operazione Piombo fuso|2008]], [[Operazione Margine di protezione|2014]], [[Guerra di Gaza|2023]]).