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'''Tsar Simeon the Great''' ([[893]]-[[May 27]], [[927]]) was 27 when he took the throne from his
After he received his education at the famous Magnaur Academy in [[Constantinople]], Simeon was prepared to become the head of the Bulgarian Church, only suddenly to become Tsar instead. To break away from Byzantine religious influence he replaced the Greek liturgy with [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]. He moved quickly and forcefully The newly devised [[Cyrillic alphabet]] enabled the use of the Bulgarian language in administration, in literature and liturgy, and in 893 a national council adopted Bulgarian as official language in the Bulgarian state and church. The written Bulgarian language was soon firmly established with translations from Greek and new hagiographies. Learning centres in Preslav and Ohrid created works of literature in Slavic, which was the first time in Europe that a language other than the traditionally sacred tongues Hebrew, Latin and Greek was used.
In 893 the market for Bulgarian goods was moved from Constantinople to [[Thessaloniki]]. There, the Bulgarian tradesmen would have to pay higher taxes. The war that followed (the first such war in Europe, fought solely over economic differences) ended after the Bulgarians crushed the [[Byzantium|Byzantines]] in [[896]] near [[Bulgarophygon]] in Eastern [[Thrace]]. The market was returned to Constantinpole and the Byzantine Emperor had to pay annual tribute to Bulgaria. After a series of battles the border of the Bulgarian state was within twenty kilometers of Thessaloniki.▼
The capital was moved from [[Pliska]] (still somewhat paganist) to [[Preslav]].
Simeon was trying to replace Byzantium and build a Bulgaro-Byzantine empire. By [[913]] he was at the gates of Constantinople. In the imperial palace he received the patriarch's blessing and the title of Tsar of Bulgaria. Simeon lured the [[Serbia]]n king and the Pecheneg chief to his side, away from an attempted alliance with the Byzantines. On August 20, 917 by the river Achebi, between Anchialo and Messembria, the imperial army suffered a heavy defeat. He negotiated with his [[Arab]] neighbors, the Byzantine Emperor, the Patriarch and the Pope. But, his dream to become ruler of both Bulgaria and Byzantium was cut short. After demolishing many Byzantine towns and while preparing to attack Constantinople, he died of a heart attack on May 27, 917.▼
▲In 893 the Byzantines decided to move the market for Bulgarian goods
Simeon the Great had turned Bulgaria into the most powerful Slavic state in Europe. He became a patron of arts and letters as this Bulgarian culture saw its Golden Age.▼
▲Simeon was trying to replace Byzantium and build a Bulgaro-Byzantine empire. By [[913]] he was at the gates of Constantinople. Having become the most powerful monarch in eastern Europe, Simeon assumed the style of “Emperor and Autocrat of all the Bulgars and Greeks”, a title which [[Pope Formosus]] was quick to recognize. In the imperial palace he received the patriarch's blessing and the title of Tsar of Bulgaria. Simeon lured the [[Serbia]]n king and the Pecheneg chief to his side, away from an attempted alliance with the Byzantines. On August 20, 917 by the river Achebi, between Anchialo and Messembria, the imperial army suffered a heavy defeat. He negotiated with his [[Arab]] neighbors, the Byzantine Emperor, the Patriarch and the Pope. But, his dream to become ruler of both Bulgaria and Byzantium was cut short. After demolishing many Byzantine towns and while preparing to attack Constantinople, he died of a heart attack on [[May 27,
▲Simeon the Great had turned Bulgaria into the most powerful Slavic state in Europe. He became a patron of arts and letters as this Bulgarian culture saw its Golden Age. He is thought of as the Bulgarian Charlemagne.
After the death of Simeon, Bulgarian power declined owing to internal dissensions; the land was distracted by the [[Bogomil]] heresy, and a separate or western empire, including Albania and Macedonia, was founded at [[Ochrida]] by Shishman, a boyar from Trnovo.
===External link===
*[http://www.bulgaria.com/history/rulers/simeon.html Milcho Lalkov, ''Rulers of Bulgaria.'' Extract.]
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