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Twenty-nine countries representing over half the world's population sent delegates. The conference reflected what they regarded as a reluctance by the Western powers to consult with them on decisions affecting Asia in a setting of [[Cold War]] tensions; their concern over tension between the [[People's Republic of China]] and the United States; their desire to lay firmer foundations for China's peaceful relations with themselves and the West; their opposition to colonialism, especially French influence in North Africa and French colonial rule in [[Algeria]]; and Indonesia's desire to promote its case in the dispute with [[The Netherlands]] over western [[New Guinea]] ([[Irian Barat]]).
Major debate centered around the question of whether Soviet policies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia should be censured along with Western colonialism. A consensus was reached in which "colonialism in all of its manifestations" was condemned, implicitly censuring the Soviet Union, as well as the West. China played an important role in the conference and strengthened its relations with other Asian nations. Chinese prime minister [[
A 10-point "declaration on promotion of world peace and cooperation," incorporating the principles of the [[United Nations Charter]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s principles, was adopted unanimously. The Final Communique of the Conference underscored the need for developing countries to loosen their economic dependence on the leading industrialized nations by providing technical assistance to one another through the exchange of experts and technical assistance for developmental projects, as well as the exchange of technological know-how and the establishment of regional training and research institutes.
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