Formato contenitore: differenze tra le versioni

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Un '''formato contenitore''' è un [[Formato_di_file|formato di file]] che può contenere diversi tipi di dati, [[Compressione_dei_dati|compressi]] tramite [[Codec|codec]] audio/video. Il file contenitore è usato per identificare e disporre i differenti tipi di dati [[Interleaving|in maniera non contigua]]. I formati contenitori più semplici possono contenere diversi tipi di [[codec audio]], mentre quelli pià avanzati arrivano a supportare anche i [[codec video]], sottotitoli e [[Tag_(metadato)|tag]] [[Metadata|metadata]].

<!-- A '''container format''' is a [[file format|computer file format]] that can contain various types of data, compressed by means of standardized audio/video [[Codec|codecs]]. The container file is used to identify and [[Interleaving|interleave]] the different data types. Simpler container formats can contain different types of [[Audio codec|audio codecs]], while more advanced container formats can support multiple audio and video streams, [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]], chapter-information, and meta-data ([[Tag (metadata)|tags]]) - along with the synchronization information needed to play back the various streams together.

Alcuni contenitori sono esclusivamente di matrice audio, ad esempio:

Some containers are exclusive to audio:

* [[Audio Interchange File FormatAIFF|AIFF]] (IFFlargamente fileusato format,nei widelysistemi used onoperativi [[Mac OS]] platform)

* [[WAV]] ([[''Resource Interchange File Format|RIFF]]'', fileusato format,prevalentemente widelynei usedsistemi on [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] platform)

* [[Extensible Music Format (XMF)Extensible_Music_Format| XMF]] (''Extensible Music Format'')

Altri contenitori riguardano unicamente immagini digitali:

Other containers are exclusive to still images:

* [[FITS]] (Flexible Image Transport System), isformato acontenitore wrapperper [[RAW_(formato_file)|file formatRAW]] fored stilli images,[[metadata]] raw data, and associated metadataassociati.

* [[Tagged Image File FormatTagged_Image_File_Format|TIFF]] (''Tagged Image File Format''), isformato acontenitore wrapperper fileimmagini formated for[[metadata]] still images and associated metadataassociati.

Altri contenitori supportano sia dati audio che video::

Other flexible containers can hold many types of audio and video, as well as other media. The most popular multi-media containers are:

* [[3gp|3GP]] (usato maggiormente da dispositivi portatili e [[Telefono_cellulare|telefoni cellulari]])

* [[3GP]] (used by many mobile phones)

* [[Advanced Systems FormatAdvanced_Systems_Format|ASF]] (contenitore standard container for[[Software_proprietario|proprietario]] Microsoftriguardante [[Windows Media Audio|WMA]] and [[Windows Media Video|WMV]])

* [[Audio Video Interleave|AVI]] (thecontenitore standard Microsoft Windows container, also based on RIFF)

* [[DVR-MS]] ("''Microsoft Digital Video Recording''"), [[Proprietary software|proprietary]]contenitore video containerproprietario, formatsviluppato developed byda Microsoft basede basato onsu [[Advanced Systems Format|ASF]])

* [[Interchange File Format|IFF]] (firstprimo platformformato independentcontenitore container format[[multipiattaforma]])

** [[DVR-MS]] uses [[MPEG-2]] standard video and audio using [[MPEG-1|MPEG-1 Layer II]] or [[Dolby Digital|Dolby Digital AC-3 (ATSC A/52)]]

* [[Matroska|MKV]] , (formato contenitore [[open source]]).

* [[Interchange File Format|IFF]] (first platform independent container format)

* [[Matroska]] (MKV) (not standard for any codec or system, but it is an [[open standard]] and [[open source]] container format).

* [[MPEG transport stream|MPEG-2 transport stream]] (TS) (a.k.a. MPEG-TS) (standard container for digital broadcasting; typically contains multiple video and audio streams, and an [[electronic program guide]]) and [[program stream]] (PS)

* [[MPEG-4 Part 14|MP4]] (standard audio and video container for the [[MPEG-4]] multimedia portfolio)

* [[QuickTime#QuickTime file format|MOV]] (standard [[QuickTime]] video container from [[Apple Inc.]])

* [[Ogg]] (standard audio container for [[Xiph.Org Foundation|Xiph.org]] [[codec]]s, can also contain video, as in Ogg Theora)

* [[Ogg Media|OGM]] ("Ogg Media", standard video container for [[Xiph.Org Foundation|Xiph.org]] [[codec]]s)

* [[RealMedia]] (standard container for [[RealVideo]] and [[RealAudio]])

* [[MPEG-4|MP4]] (contenitore audio/video standard per il formato ''.mp4'')

There are many other container formats, such as, [[NUT Container|NUT]], [[MPEG-1|MPEG]], [[Material Exchange Format|MXF]], [[ratDVD]], [[Switch virtual interface|SVI]], [[VOB]], and [[DivX Media Format|DivX Media Format (DMF) .divx]]

* [[MOV_(formato_di_file)|MOV]] (contenitore video standard per [[Quicktime]] della [[Apple]])

* [[Ogg]] (contenitore audio standard della fondazione [[Xiph.Org_Foundation|Xiph.org]].

* [[RealMedia]] (standardcontenitore containerstandard forper [[RealVideo]] ande [[RealAudio]])

See the [[Comparison of container formats]] for details regarding these formats.

==Problemi ed incompatibilità==

==Issues==

Le differenze tra i molti formati contenitori derivano da cinque grandi problematiche:

The differences between various container formats arise from five main issues:

# Popolarità; ovvero, quanto sia diffuso il formato.

# Popularity; how widely supported a container is.

# Overhead.; ovvero, Thisla isdifferenza thedi differencepeso (in file-sizetermini betweendi twomemoria filesoccupata) withtra thedue samedifferenti content''contenitori'', inaventi ail differentmedesimo container''contenuto''.

# Supporto per funzionalità avanzate dei codec. Ad esempio, formati considerati "vecchi" quali l'[[Audio_Video_Interleave|AVI]] non supportano alcuna funzionalità avanzata, sebbene il problema possa essere aggirato attraverso [[hacker|hacking]], causando spesso problemi di compatibilità.

# Support for advanced codec functionality. Older formats such as AVI do not support new codec features like [[B-frame]]s, [[Variable_bitrate|VBR]] audio, [[Variable frame rate|VFR]] natively, although the format may be "hacked" to add support, creating compatibility problems.

# Supporto per contenuti avanzati quali sottotitoli, metatags et similia.

# Support for advanced content, such as chapters, subtitles, meta-tags, user-data.

# SupportSupporto ofper lo [[streaming media]].

==SeeVedi alsoanche==

*[[Comparison of container formats|Comparison of (audio/video) container formats]]

*[[FFmpeg]]

*[[Open source codecs and containers]]

*[[Cross-platform]]

**[[FFmpeg]], [[cross-platform]], [[open source]], audio and video [[codecs|codecs suit/library]]

*[[Open source codecs and containers]]

*[[List of codecs|List of multimedia (audio/video) codecs]]

*[[Codec]]

**[[Comparison of video codecs]]

**[[Comparison of audio codecs]]

*[[Archive format]], a similar way to package raw data

{{Compression Formats}}

[[Category:Computer and telecommunication standards]]

[[Category:Computer file formats]]

[[Category:Container formats| Container Format]]

[[Category:Files]]

[[Category:Lists of file formats]]

[[Category:Film and video technology]]

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[[bg:Контейнер (формат)]]

[[ca:Contenidor multimèdia]]