Genetic programming: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:11, 20 November 2003

Revision as of 05:29, 23 December 2003

Line 1:

'''Genetic programming''' ('''GP''') is a subfield of [[evolutionary computation]] invented by [[Nichael Lynn Cramer]] in 1985 and first explored in depth by [[John Koza]] in his 1992 book ''[[Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection]]''. It is a method used to allow computer [[programming|programs]] to be evolvedevolve according to some user-defined goal. It uses [[evolution]]ary patterns, usingincluding [[crossover]], selection, replication and [[mutation|mutations]] to evolve the programs, which are usually represented by [[Lisp programming language|LISPLisp]] expressions. In order toTo work effectively, it requires an appropriate selection of operators and variables.

Genetic programming uses methods which are similar to [[genetic algorithm]]s (GA), but is based on programs which perform tasks thewhose results of which can then be evaluated to deliver a fitness function similar to GAs. Instead of using pools of parameter lists to be evaluated by some evaluation procedure, GP uses pools of programs which are to be run to perform the required task. A technical difference between GAs and GPs is that GAs use list structures, often of fixed size, forto the storage ofstore their data, while GPs use tree structures which can vary in size and shape for each program used in the program pools.

The application of a tree representation (and required genetic operators) for using [[genetic algorithm]]salgorithms to generate programs was first described in 1985 by the above-mentioned [[Nichael Lynn Cramer]]. As suchKoza, Kozathough he did not invent genetic programming, but he is indisputably the field's most prolific and persuasive author.

So far GPs have successfully solved some toy problems, such as the lawn mower problem, but the method is very computationally intensive, and may not compare favourably where simpler methods, such as [[genetic algorithm]]s or [[random optimisation]] can be used instead. It is possible that some more complex problems may be more amenable to solution using GPs than other optimization methods.

Line 9:

Unfortunately, due to the lack of solid theory regarding the performance of genetic programming vs. traditional search methods (such as hill-climbing), genetic programming remains a sort of pariah amongst the various techniques of search. While genetic programming has achieved results that are as good as and sometimes better than human-generated results, more work needs to be done on the theory in order to bring the technique into more widespread use.

==Resources Bibliography ==

*NichaelCramer, LynnNichael CramerLynn (1985), "[http://www.sover.net/~nichael/nlc-publications/icga85/index.html A representation for the Adaptive Generation of Simple Sequential Programs]" in ''Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and the Applications'', Grefenstette, John J. (ed.), CMU

===Bibliography===

*Koza, J.R. (1992), ''Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection'', MIT Press

*Koza, J.R. (1994), ''Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs'', MIT Press

*Koza, J.R., Bennett, F.H., Andre, D., and Keane, M.A. (1999), ''Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention and Problem Solving'', Morgan Kaufmann

=== External links= ==

*Nichael, Lynn Cramer (1985), "[http://www.sover.net/~nichael/nlc-publications/icga85/index.html A representation for the Adaptive Generation of Simple Sequential Programs]" in ''Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and the Applications'', Grefenstette, John J. (ed.), CMU

*Koza, J.R (1992), ''Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection'', MIT Press

*Koza, J.R (1994), ''Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs'', MIT Press

*Koza, J.R, Bennett, F.H, Andre, D, and Keane, M.A (1999), ''Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention and Problem Solving'', Morgan Kaufmann

===External links===

*[http://www.sover.net/~nichael/ Nichael Lynn Cramer]

*[http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/research/genprog/gp2faq/gp2faq.html Genetic Programming FAQ]