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[[Image:NMF_Hierarchy.JPG |center |frame| Fig.2. Hierarchical NMF system. At each level of a hierarchy there are models, similarity measures, and actions (including adaptation, maximizing the knowledge instinct - similarity). High levels of partial similarity measures correspond to concepts recognized at a given level. Concept activations are output signals at this level and they become input signals to the next level, propagating knowledge up the hierarchy. ]]▼
▲Fig.2. Hierarchical NMF system. At each level of a hierarchy there are models, similarity measures, and actions (including adaptation, maximizing the knowledge instinct - similarity). High levels of partial similarity measures correspond to concepts recognized at a given level. Concept activations are output signals at this level and they become input signals to the next level, propagating knowledge up the hierarchy.
Models at higher levels in the hierarchy are more general than models at lower levels. For example, at the very bottom of the hierarchy, if we consider vision system, models correspond (roughly speaking) to retinal [[ganglion cells]] and perform similar functions; they detect simple features in the visual field; at higher levels, models correspond to functions performed at V1 and higher up in the [[visual cortex]], that is detection of more complex features, such as contrast edges, their directions, elementary moves, etc. Visual hierarchical structures and models are studied in details<ref>Grossberg, S. (1988). Neural Networks and Natural Intelligence. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA</ref>,<ref>Zeki, S. (1993). A Vision of the Brain Blackwell, Oxford, England</ref>. At still higher cognitive levels, models correspond to objects, to relationships among objects, to situations, and relationships among situations, etc. (Perlovsky 2001, 2006). Still higher up are even more general models of complex cultural notions and relationships, like family, love, friendship, and abstract concepts, like law, rationality, etc. Contents of these models correspond to cultural wealth of knowledge, including writings of Shakespeare and Tolstoy; mechanisms of development of these models are reviewed in (Perlovsky 2006). At the top of the hierarchy of the mind, according to Kantian analysis<ref>Kant, I. (1790). Critique of Judgment. Tr. J.H. Bernard, 1914, 2nd ed., Macmillan & Co., London</ref>, are models of the meaning and purpose of our existence, unifying our knowledge, and the corresponding behavioral models aimed at achieving this meaning. Improvement of these top models of the meaning and purpose satisfies the knowledge instinct at the highest level of the hierarchy and is felt as emotions of [[beautiful and sublime (NMF)|beautiful and sublime]].
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