The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:53, 21 September 2005

Revision as of 01:48, 22 September 2005

Line 1:

[[Image:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 1992 Russia.jpg|right|thumb|200px|1992 Russian edition of the Protocols, adapting [[Eliphas Levi]]'s portrayal of [[Baphomet]].]]The '''Protocols of the (Learned) Elders of Zion''' is a [[fraud]]ulent document purporting to describe a plan to achieve [[Jew]]ish [[global domination]].

It was first published seriallyabridged in series from August 28 to September 7 ([[O.S.]]), [[1903]] in [[St.Saint Petersburg]] daily newspaper ''Знамя'' (Znamya, ''The Flag'') by [[Pavel Krushevan]] who four months earlier initiated the [[Kishinev pogrom]]. {{ref|RF00}}

There is an evidence that the text was written by an operative of the [[Imperial Russia]]n [[Okhranka]] [[Matvei Golovinski]] and was based on an early work by [[Maurice Joly]] linking [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III]] to [[Machiavelli]]. For [[Tsar]] [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]], who was fearful of modernization and protective of his monarchy, it would have been convenient to present [[Russian Revolution of 1905|growing revolutionary movement]] as a part of a powerful world conspiracy and blame the Jews for Russia's problems.

Line 41:

===Russian Reactionaries Use the Forgery===

It enjoyed another wave of popularity in Russia after [[1905]], when the [[mystical|mystic]] [[priest]] Professor[[Sergei Nilus]] included it in his book ''The Great in the Small: The Coming of the Anti-Christ and the Rule of Satan on Earth''. It was also used as a tool of reactionary mobilisation when progressive political elements in Russia succeeded in creating a constitution and a parliament, the [[Duma]]. The reactionary "Union of the Russian Nation", known as the [[Black Hundreds]], together with the Okhranka, blamed this liberalization on the "International Jewish conspiracy", and began a program of widely disseminating the ''Protocols'' as a [[propaganda]] support for the wave of [[pogrom]] that swept Russia in [[1903]]–[[1906]] and a tool to deflect attention from social activism.

The mystical [[priest]] Professor [[Sergei Nilus]] gained fame by promulgating the ''Protocols'' in his book ''The Great in the Small: The Coming of the Anti-Christ and the Rule of Satan on Earth'' as ''Chapter 18'', the work of the [[First Zionist Congress]] in [[Basel, Switzerland]] in [[1897]]. After it had been pointed out that the First Zionist Congress had been open to the public and attended by many non-Jews, he claimed the ''Protocols'' were the work of the meetings of the "Elders of Zion" in [[1902]]–[[1903]], despite the conflict with his claim of having received a copy previous to that date:

: In [[1901]], I succeeded through an acquaintance of mine (the late Court Marshal Alexei Nikolayevich Sukotin of [[Chernigov]]) in getting a manuscript that exposed with unusual perfection and clarity the course and development of the secret Jewish Freemasonic conspiracy, which would bring this wicked world to its inevitable end. The person who gave me this manuscript guaranteed it to be a faithful translation of the original documents that were stolen by a woman from one of the highest and most influential leaders of the Freemasons at a secret meeting somewhere in France—the beloved nest of Freemasonic conspiracy. (Source: Morris Kominsky, ''The {{ref|Hoaxers'', 1970. p. 209.)}}

Simultaneously a popular edition published by [[George Butmi]] claimed that the ''Protocols'' were the work of the Masonic/Jewish conspiracy.

Line 159:

*{{note|REF03}} [http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/4eb2f5f2a5956cfb85256e59006dd050?OpenDocument UNISPAL] United Nations Economic and Social Council, ''Dissemination of racist and anti-Semitic hate material on television programs'' (Retrieved Sept 2005)

*{{note|REF04}} In [[Kurt Vonnegut]]'s novel ''[[Hocus Pocus (book)|Hocus Pocus]]'', there is a manifesto known as ''The Protocols of the Elders of [[Tralfamadore]]'', which claims that aliens from another planet conspire to control all aspects of Earth's economy, politics, and society.

*{{note|Hoaxers}} Morris Kominsky, ''The Hoaxers'', 1970. p. 209

* {{note|doc_film}}A documentary film, ''Protocols of Zion'' (2005), connects the original document to a resurgence of anti-Semitism following the [[September 11]] World Trade Center attacks.