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'''Venlo''' ({{Pronunciation|166 Venlo.ogg}}) is a [[municipality]] and a [[city]] in the southeastern [[Netherlands]]. It is situated in the province of [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]].
{{Tradotto da|en|Jade Burden|22 maggio 2009|291524209
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[[it:Jade Burden]]
== The city of Venlo ==
'''Jane Burden''' (19 October 1839 – 26 January 1914) was an [[England|English]] [[Model (art)|artists' model]] who [[wikt:embody|embodied]] the [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelite]] [[Ideal (ethics)|ideal]] of [[beauty]]. She was a model and [[muse]] to the artists [[William Morris]], whom she married, and [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], who may have been her lover.
=== History of the city ===
[[Image:RivierenkaartVenlo.jpg|thumb|right|Map circa 1850]]
Venlo's history goes back to Roman times. Then it developed into an important trade post on the river [[Meuse]] and was a member of the [[Hanseatic]] League. It received [[City rights in the Netherlands|city rights]] in [[1343]]. Blerick, also founded in Roman times, on the other side of the river, was known as Blariacum.
Because of its strategic importance, the city of Venlo was besieged several times. The most significant siege was that of 1702, carried on by [[Menno van Coehoorn]]. Consequently, Venlo was incorporated into the Generaliteitslanden of the United Provinces and later became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
[[Image:Proserpine.jpg|thumb|250px|Jane Morris painted by [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] as ''Proserpine'' (1874)]] [[Image:Jane Burden Morris.jpg|thumb|250px|Jane Morris by [[Evelyn de Morgan]] in 1904]]
=== Venlo in the 2nd World War ===
==Life==
Jane Burden was born in [[Oxford]] to a [[stable]]man named Robert Burden and his wife Ann Maizey. Around the time she was born, her parents were living at St. Helen's Passage, St Peter in the East, off [[Holywell Street]] in Oxford, since marked with a [[blue plaque]].<ref>Lisle, Nicola, Cinderella story. ''[[Oxfordshire Limited Edition]]'', no. 249, pages 23–25, October 2007.</ref> Her mother Ann was [[wikt:illiterate|illiterate]] and probably came to Oxford as a [[Domestic service|domestic servant]]. Little is known of Jane's childhood, but clearly it was one of [[poverty]] and deprivation.
On November 9, 1939, two British Intelligence Service agents were kidnapped by the ''[[Sicherheitsdienst]]'' in what became known as the [[Venlo Incident]]. The Incident was used by the Nazis to link Great Britain to [[Georg Elser]]'s failed assassination of [[Hitler]] at the Burgerbraukeller two days before and to justify their later invasion of the Netherlands, a neutral country, on 10 May 1940.
In October 1857, Jane and her sister Elizabeth, known in the family as "Bessie", were attending a performance in Oxford of the [[Drury Lane]] Theatre Company. Jane was noticed by the [[artist]]s [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] and [[Edward Burne-Jones]] who belonged to a group of artists painting [[mural]]s based on [[King Arthur|Arthurian]] tales in the [[Oxford Union]]. Struck by Jane's beauty, they sought her to model for them. Jane initially sat mainly for Rossetti, who needed a model for Queen [[Guinevere|Guinivere]]. After this, Jane sat for Morris, who was working on an easel painting, ''La Belle [[Iseult]]'' ([[Tate Gallery]]). Like Rossetti, Morris also used Jane as his model for his rendition of Queen Guinevere. During this period, Morris fell in love with Jane and they were engaged.
Because Venlo had both a road and a rail bridge over the River Meuse ([[Maas]]) the city was severely damaged during several bomb raids (13 October - 19 November 1944) on those bridges at the end of the war.
Jane's education was extremely limited and she was probably intended to go into [[domestic service]]. After her engagement, Jane was privately educated. Her keen intelligence allowed her essentially to recreate herself. She was a voracious reader and became proficient in [[French language|French]] and later [[Italian language|Italian]]. She also became an accomplished [[pianist]] with a strong background in [[European classical music|classical music]]. Her manners and speech became refined to an extent that contemporaries referred to her as "Queenly". Later in life, she would have no trouble moving in [[upper class]] circles and she appears to have been the model for Mrs Higgins in [[George Bernard Shaw|Bernard Shaw]]'s play ''[[Pygmalion (play)|Pygmalion]]'' (1914).
The allied forces needed 13 attempts to destroy the bridges. These failed, the retreating German troops had to blow up the bridge themselves. About 300 people were killed due to those raids. The raids also cost Venlo a major part of its historical buildings. However, some medieval buildings, such as the city hall (the 'Stadhuis') and the 'Römer' house, survived the war.
=== Culture ===
She married [[William Morris]] at [[St Michael at the Northgate|St Michael's Church]], Oxford, on 26 April 1859. Her father was at that time described as a [[groom]], in stables at 65 [[Holywell Street]], Oxford.
*Theatre "De Maaspoort"
Jane Burden and [[William Morris]] lived firstly at the [[Red House (London)|Red House]] in [[Bexleyheath]], [[Kent]]. While there, they had two daughters, Jane Alice "Jenny", born January 1861, and [[May Morris|Mary "May"]] (March 1862 – 1938), who was the editor of her father's works. They then lived for many years at [[Kelmscott Manor]], on the Gloucestershire-[[Oxfordshire]]-[[Wiltshire]] borders, which is now open to the public. Their lifestyle was both artistic and [[Bohemian style|Bohemian]].
*Museum "Limburgs Museum" and "Museum Van Bommel - Van Dam"
*Popvenue Perron55
*Major annual cultural events
**Carnaval called "Vastelaovend" in February/March (6 weeks before Easter).
**Summer park festivities called "Zomerparkfeest" in August held in and around the main park of Venlo, a 4 days podium for a broad audience, including live music, film, dance, art etc.
In 2003 Venlo was awarded the title "Greenest city of Europe". In 2012 it will host the [[Floriade, Netherlands|Floriade]].
During this time, Jane became closely attached to [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] and, in addition to being his [[muse]], may have been his lover.
=== Sports ===
In 1884, Jane met the poet and political activist [[Wilfrid Scawen Blunt]] at a house party given by her close friend [[Rosalind Howard, Countess of Carlisle|Rosalind Howard]] (later Countess of Carlisle). There appears to have been an immediate attraction between the two. By 1887 at the latest, the pair had become lovers.<ref>Mancoff, p.98</ref> Their sexual relationship would continue until 1894, and they remained close friends until Jane's death.
[[VVV-Venlo]] is a century-old [[Football (soccer)|football]] club that plays in [[De Koel]] stadium. In the season 2008-2009 VVV-Venlo won the Jupiler League (Eerste Divisie) and promoted again to the highest Dutch professional football league: the [[Eredivisie]].
Jane Morris was an ardent supporter of [[Irish Home Rule]].
==Born in Venlo==
William Morris died on 3 October 1896 at [[Kelmscott House]], [[Hammersmith]], London. Jane died on 26 January 1914 while staying at 5 Brock Street, [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]].
* [[Henri Alexis Brialmont]] , Dutch-born Belgian military engineer.
* [[Jeu Sprengers]] , Dutch chairman of the Royal Netherlands Football Association
* [[Glenn Corneille]] , Acclaimed Dutch jazz pianist
* [[Paul Cox]], award-winning Australian-based Film director.
* [[Teun van Dijck]] , Dutch politician and one of the members of the PVV.
* [[Evert Dudok]], President of EADS Astrium Space Transportation
* [[Michael Evans (footballer)|Michael Evans]], Dutch footballer.
* [[Maico Gerritsen]], Dutch footballer
* [[Bart Hendrikx]], Producer in Film and Television
* [[Rick Hoogendorp]], Dutch footballer
* [[Jens Janse]], Dutch footballer
* [[Saskia Linssen]], Dutch model and actress
* [[Jos Luhukay]], Dutch football coach and former player.
* [[Will Sanders]], an acclaimed Hornist.
* [[Frank Scheffer]], Dutch cinematographer and producer of documentary film,
* [[Paul van der Sterren]], chess Grandmaster
* [[Boris Titulaer]], Dutch singer. He was the winner of the second season of Idols in the Netherlands.
* [[Geert Wilders]], Dutch politician. He has been a member of the Dutch Parliament since 1998
== Coffee shops ==
==Additional images==
Paintings of Jane Morris by [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]]:
* [[:Image:Jane-morris-blue-silk.jpg|''The Blue Silk Dress'', 1868]].
* [[:Image:Rosetti-persephone.jpg|''Persephone'' or ''Proserpine'', 1874]].
* Astarte Syriaca, 1875–79. City Art Gallery, Manchester.
* Beatrice, a Portrait of Jane Morris, 1879. Oil on canvas 13½ × 11 inches.
* The Day Dream, 1880. Oil on canvas. [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], London.
* La Donna della Fiamma, 1877. Coloured chalks. [[Manchester Art Gallery]].
* La Donna della Finestra, 1879. Oil on canvas. [[Fogg Museum of Art]], Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
* La Donna Della Finestra, 1881 (unfinished).
* Jane Morris, c. 1860. Pencil.
* Jane Morris, 1865.
* Mariana, 1870. [[Aberdeen Art Gallery]].
* Pandora, 1869.
* Pandora, 1871.
* La Pia de' Tolomei, 1866-1870. Oil on canvas. [[Spencer Museum of Art]], University of Kansas.
* Portrait of Mrs William Morris.
* Portrait of Jane Morris, 1858. Pen.
* Proserpine, 1873–1877. Oil on canvas. [[Tate Gallery]], London.
* Reverie, 1868. Chalk on paper. [[Ashmolean Museum]], Oxford, UK.
* The Roseleaf, 1865. Pencil.
* Study of Guinevere for "Sir Lancelot in the Queen's Chamber", 1857.
By the late nineties drug-related nuisance had become a problem in the center of Venlo.<ref>
Photographs of Jane Burden by Rossetti are available at [http://www.rossettiarchive.org/docs/sa140.raw.html].
{{citation | last1 = Snippe | first1 = J. | last2 = Naayer | first2 = H. | last3 = Bieleman | first3 = B. | title = Hektor in 2005. Evaluatie aanpak drugsoverlast in Venlo [Hektor in 2005. Evaluation drugs nuisance policy in Venlo] | publisher = Interval/WODC | place = Groningen/Rotterdam | year = 2006 | url = http://www.wodc.nl/onderzoeksdatabase/hektor-vervolgonderzoek.aspx }}. [http://www.wodc.nl/images/1456_summary_tcm44-59463.pdf English summary]
</ref>
City officials together with The Hague launched the Q-4 Project and Tango initiatives that, amongst other measures, included moving the town's largest [[Cannabis coffee shop|coffee shops]] to the outskirts, where they continue to do business in a former [[rest stop]]. This was a win-win solution, as the town was freed from disturbances and the coffee shops are now even closer to the expressways. Since Germany prohibits the sale and ownership of soft-drugs (weed), her citizens cross the nearby border in order to acquire substances unavailable in their own country. Venlo is connected to Germany by two motorways ([[Bundesautobahn 40]] and [[Bundesautobahn 61]]). This allows for citizens of [[Düsseldorf]], [[Cologne]] and the [[Ruhr Area]] - Germany's largest metropolitan area - to travel there in about 30 minutes.
== References ==
By [[William Morris]]:
<references/>
* Queen Guinevere (also called La Belle Iseult), 1858. Oil.
== External links ==
By [[Edward Burne-Jones]]:
* Numerous stained-glass windows, including at [[Christ Church, Oxford]].
{{Commons|Venlo}}
By [[Evelyn De Morgan]]:
*[http://www.venlo.nl/ Official Website]
* Portrait of Jane Morris, 1904.
*[http://www.perron55.nl/ Website of Popvenue Perron55]
*[http://www.maaspoort.nl/ Website of Theatre De Maaspoort]
Possibly based on Jane Burden (Morris) / "Venus Verticordia" — oil — 1863–8. [[Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum]], Bournemouth.
*[http://www.jocus.nl Website carnaval organisation Venlo]
*[http://www.wortelepin.nl Website carnaval organisation Blerick]
==Notes==
*[http://www.faassen.nl/oeles/test/index.htm Website carnaval organisation Tegelen]
<references />
*[http://www.belhamels.nl/ Website carnaval organisation Belfeld]
*[http://www.kaetelaers.nl/ Website carnaval organisation Steyl]
==References==
*[http://www.zomerparkfeest.nl Website zomerparkfeest]
* {{cite book | last = Marsh | first = Jan | year = 1986 | title = Jane and May Morris: A Biographical Story 1839–1938 | publisher = Pandora Press | ___location = London | isbn = 0-86358-026-2 }}
*[http://public.fotki.com/DoubleVision/cities/tegelen/ Tegelen in some pictures]
* {{cite book | last = Marsh | first = Jan | edition = (updated edition, privately published by author) | year = 2000 | title = Jane and May Morris: A Biographical Story 1839–1938 | publisher = Jan Marsh | ___location = London | id = }}
*[http://www.koekoek.de/ Koekoek Q4]
* {{cite book | last = Mancoff | first = Debra N. | year = 2000 | title = Jane Morris: The Pre-Raphaelite Model of Beauty | publisher = Pomegranate | ___location = San Francisco | isbn = 0-7649-1337-9 }}
*[http://www.druglibrary.org/Schaffer/Misc/driving/s16p4.htm]
*[http://www.druglibrary.org/Schaffer/Misc/driving/s16p4.htm].
[[de:Jane Burden]]
* http://www.intraval.nl/en/b/b23_sum.html
[[en:Jane Burden]]
[[no:Jane Burden]]
[[ru:Бёрден, Джейн]]
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