Content deleted Content added
Added numbers section |
m added links to other wiki pages and references |
||
Line 40:
In Javanese, there are a total of nine [[vowels]]: /a/, /i/, /I/, /e/, /ε/, /ə/, /o/, /ɔ/, /u/. However, only five vowel [[diacritics]], known as '''sandhangan swara''', are used because some diacritics can be used for two different vowels. Rules regarding the pronunciation and the context eliminate the need for a new symbol for every vowel by making the vowel predictable.<ref name=jour/>
Rules regarding inherent vowels of basic characters<ref name=jour/>:
1) A basic character stands for a [[syllable]] that ends in the vowel /ɔ/ when the character is '''preceded''' by another character containing a '''sandhangan swara'''.
Line 82:
Words borrowed from other languages such as [[Arabic]] or [[Malay]] are indicated by writing diacritic marks over similar sounding Javanese letters.<ref name=ws/> On top of that, Javanese also uses special characters to write foreign names or words.
A: There are five special characters used to write non-Javanese [[vowels]]. The five [[vowels]] are represented by the following names.<ref name=jour/>
* 1) '''A'''li
Line 94:
* 5) '''O'''to
B: There are five special characters used to write non-Javanese [[consonants]]. These [[consonants]] are /kh/, /dz/, /f/, /gh/, and /z/.<ref name=jour/>
==Numbers==
The Javanese [[number system]] is very similar to the [[Arabic number system]]. In the Javanese Script, only numbers 0-9 are represented.<ref name=jour/>
0 ''nol''
Line 119:
9 ''sanga''
When writing numbers greater than 9, simply combine the above numbers. For example, to write 21, simply write the characters ''telu siji''. Similarly, the number 90 would be the characters ''sanga nol''.<ref name=jour/>
Since some of the characters for the numbers are very similar to the characters for [[syllables]], numbers that show up in Javanese texts are indicated by special 'numeral markers' both '''before''' and '''after''' the number.<ref name=jour/> For example,
text ....... numeral marker ''telu siji'' numeral marker .......... text
==Punctuation==
With the introduction of the new Javanese script (carakan script), different punctuation marks were also introduced.<ref name=jour/><ref name=
*1) the [[comma]] “pada-lungsi”,
Line 153:
===Capitalization===
Javanese script has seven [[''capital'' letters]] called the ''aksara murdha'' that are used for names of highly respected persons and places. The first letter of the name is usually capitalized; however, all the letters could be capitalized if possible. Also, if an ''aksara murdha'' is not available for the first letter, the second letter is capitalized. If the second letter does not have an ''aksara murdha'' either, the third letter is capitalized, and so on. Note that the capital letters are '''not''' used to indicate the beginnings of sentences.<ref name=jour/>
==Alphabet as poem==
| |||