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Object-oriented programming can trace its roots to the 1960s. As hardware and software became increasingly complex, quality was often compromised. Researchers studied ways to maintain software quality and developed object-oriented programming in part to address common problems by strongly emphasizing discrete, reusable units of programming logic. The methodology focuses on data rather than processes, with programs composed of self-sufficient modules (objects) each containing all the information needed to manipulate its own data structure.
The [[Simula]] programming language was the first to introduce the concepts underlying object-oriented programming (objects, classes, subclasses, virtual methods, coroutines, garbage collection, and discrete event simulation) as a superset of [[ALGOL|Algol]]. Simula was used for physical modeling, such as models to study and improve the movement of ships and their content through cargo ports. [[Smalltalk]] was the first programming language to be called "object-oriented (OOPS)".
OOP may be seen as a collection of cooperating ''objects'', as opposed to the more conventional model, in which a program is seen as a list of tasks ([[subroutine]]s) to perform. In OOP, each object is capable of receiving messages, processing data, and sending messages to other objects.
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