|
,gbn.ladm,bknlasgvdsm,nas;nklgjnoldn;l mx; mnknnknkljdnjknfg;kjdfkngjkdnfg;kjang;kankgnad;kgnjadfgjlafjgakldjnfglanjkbnakdjgbnfkadgkf jigah igahdjif gadhifghadip ufghiq eufg aiufguiad figu hidof ghiadhug a igue iughieu8ghrfioquehig eifg ioegu eiughu8e rgiu heif hgugshiuf gaiuo hdfiupgv aieurghiufqh eiurfh ieuhr 08ahero8ghaeo8hrg 8y8hrg8he8rhg8q hr08 gh08 8rg8y ro8o ewrg78f tq7er78 78 q78 ewr8fqy78wery78 fq78er f078e79f gq we8gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrroooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccckkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnndddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
{{otheruses4|a type of musical group|the video game series|Rock Band|the first game in the video game series|Rock Band (video game)}}
A '''musical ensemble''' is a group of two or more [[musicians]] who perform instrumental or vocal [[music]]. In each musical style different norms have developed for the sizes and composition of different ensembles, and for the repertoire of songs or musical works that these ensembles perform.
In '''classical music''', trios or quartets either blend the sounds of instrument families (e.g., piano, strings, and winds) or group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles or wind ensembles. In '''jazz ensembles''', the instruments typically include wind instruments (one or more saxophones, trumpets, etc.) one or two chordal "comping" instruments (electric guitar, piano, or organ), a bass instrument (electric bass guitar or double bass), and a drummer or percussionist. In '''rock ensembles''', usually called '''rock bands''', there are usually several guitars (one or two electric guitars, a bass guitar, and in some cases, one or more acoustic guitars), a keyboard player (either a [[Hammond organ]], a piano, an electric piano, or an electronic [[synthesizer]]), and a drummer.
==Classical chamber music==
In Western Art music, commonly referred to as [[European classical music|classical music]], smaller ensembles are called [[chamber music]] ensembles. The terms [[duet]], [[trio (music)|trio]], [[quartet]], [[quintet]], [[sextet]], [[septet]], [[octet (music)|octet]], and [[nonet (music)|nonet]] are used to describe groups of two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and nine musicians, respectively.
===Five parts===
{{main|quintet}}
The string ''quintet'' is a common type of group. It is similar to the [[string quartet]], but with two violas, two violoncellos, or more rarely, the addition of a double bass. Terms such as "piano quintet" or "clarinet quintet" frequently refer to a string quartet ''plus'' a fifth instrument. Thus, a ''[[piano quintet]]'' is usually a string quartet plus a [[piano]]. A [[Clarinet Quintet (Mozart)|Mozart's ''Clarinet Quintet'']] is similarly a piece written for an ensemble consisting of 2 violins, a viola, a cello and a clarinet, the last being the exceptional addition to a "normal" string quartet.
Another common grouping in classical music is the [[wind quintet]], usually consisting of [[flute]], [[oboe]], [[clarinet]], [[bassoon]] and [[Horn (instrument)|horn]].
===Six or more instruments===
{{main|Orchestra}}
Classical chamber ensembles for more than six musicians are occasionally used, such as septets (seven musicians), octets (eight musicians), or nonets (nine musicians). However, in many cases a larger classical group is referred to as an [[orchestra]] of some type. A small orchestra with fifteen to thirty members (violins, violas, cellos, double basses, and several woodwind or brass instruments) is called a [[chamber orchestra]] In the American education system, sitting groups are known as [[wind ensembles]] or [[concert bands]] (to differentiate from [[marching bands]]. Music is similar to that of a pops orchestra, orchestrated for woodwinds, brass, and percussion. A [[sinfonietta]] usually denotes a somewhat smaller orchestra (though still not a chamber orchestra). Larger orchestras are called [[symphony]] orchestras or philharmonic orchestras.<ref>{{cite book |last= Raynor |first= Henry |title= The Orchestra: a history |publisher= [[Scribner]] |year= 1978 |isbn= 0-684-15535-4 }}</ref>
The term ''philharmonic'' (from Greek ''philos'': love) was originally used by amateur orchestras, distinguishing them from professional symphony orchestras{{Fact|17/4/2009|date=April 2009}}, but nowadays professional classical orchestras may use either term in their titles. A concert orchestra or a [[pops orchestra]] is an orchestra that mainly performs light classical music (often in abbreviated, simplified arrangements) and orchestral [[arrangement]]s and [[medley (music)|medleys]] of popular jazz, music theater, or pop music songs. A [[string orchestra]] has only [[string instrument|strings]], i.e., [[violins]], [[violas]], [[violoncellos]] and [[Double Bass|bass]]es.
A symphony orchestra is an ensemble usually comprising at least thirty musicians; the number of players is typically between seventy and ninety-five and may exceed one hundred. A symphony orchestra is divided into families of instruments. In the [[string (music)|string]] family, there are sections of [[violin]]s (I and II), [[viola]]s, [[cello|violoncello]]s, and [[Double Bass|bass]]es. The [[wind instrument|winds]] consist of the [[woodwind]] family of instruments (flutes and piccolo, oboes and English horn, clarinets [made up of the Eb Clarinet, Clarinet, and Bass Clarinet], and bassoons [often including contrabassoon]) and the [[Brass instrument|brass]] family (horns, trumpets, trombones, and tuba). The [[percussion instrument|percussion]] family includes the timpani, bass drum, snare drum, and any other percussion instruments called for in a score (e.g., triangle, glockenspiel, chimes, cymbals, wood blocks).
When orchestras are performing [[baroque music]] (from the 1600s and early 1700s), they may also use a [[harpsichord]] or [[pipe organ]]. When orchestras are performing Romantic-era music (from the 1800s), they may also use [[harp]]s or unusual instruments such as the [[wind machine]]. When orchestras are performing music from the 20th century or the 21st century, occasionally instruments such as [[electric guitar]], [[theremin]], or even an electronic [[synthesizer]] may be used.
:''See also:'' [[String trio]], [[String sextet]], [[string (music)|string]].
==Jazz ensembles==
===Three parts===
In [[jazz]], there are several types of trios. One type of [[jazz trio]] is formed with a [[piano]] player, a [[Double Bass|bass]] player and a [[drummer]]. Another type of jazz trio that became popular in the 1950s and 1960s is the [[organ trio]], which is composed of a [[Hammond organ]] player, a drummer, and a third instrumentalist (either a saxophone player or an electric [[jazz guitar]]ist). In organ trios, the Hammond organ player performs the bass line on the organ bass pedals while simultaneously playing chords or lead lines on the keyboard manuals. Other types of trios include the "drummer-less" trio, which consists of a piano player, a double bassist, and a horn player (saxophone or trumpet); and the jazz trio with a horn player (saxophone or trumpet), double bass player, and a drummer. In the latter type of trio, the lack of a chordal instrument means that the horn player and the bassist have to imply the changing harmonies with their improvised lines.
===Four parts===
Jazz quartets typically add a ''horn'' (the generic jazz name for [[saxophone]]s, [[trombone]]s, [[trumpet]]s, or any other [[wind instrument]] commonly associated with jazz) to one of the jazz trios described above. Slightly larger jazz ensembles, such as quintets (five instruments) or sextets (six instruments) typically add other soloing instruments to the basic quartet formation, such as different types of saxophones (e.g., alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, etc.) or an additional chordal instrument.
===Larger ensembles===
The lineup of larger jazz ensembles can vary considerably, depending on the style of jazz being performed. In a 1920s-style dixieland jazz band, a larger ensemble would be formed by adding a banjo player, woodwind instruments, as with the clarinet, or additional horns (saxophones, trumpets, trombones) to one of the smaller groups. In a 1940s-style Swing big band, a larger ensemble is formed by adding "sections" of like instruments, such as a saxophone section and a trumpet section, which perform arranged "horn lines" to accompany the ensemble. In a 1970s-style [[jazz fusion]] ensemble, a larger ensemble is often formed by adding additional percussionists or soloing instruments.
==Rock and pop bands==
===Two parts===
Two-member rock and pop bands are relatively rare, because of the difficulty in providing all of the musical elements which are part of the rock or pop sound (vocals, chords, bass lines, and percussion or drumming) with trios or quartets. Two-member rock and pop bands typically omit one of these musical elements. In many cases, two-member bands will omit a drummer, since guitars, [[bass guitars]], and keyboards can all be used to provide a rhythmic pulse. Examples of two-member bands are Death From Above 1979, [[The White Stripes]], [[The Ting Tings]], [[The Black Keys]], [[The Pet Shop Boys]] and Black Aspirin.
When electronic [[sequencer]]s became widely available in the 1980s, this made it easier for two-member bands to add in musical elements that the two band members were not able to perform. Sequencers allowed bands to pre-program some elements of their performance, such as an electronic drum part and a synth-bass line. Two-member [[pop music]] bands such as [[Soft Cell]] used pre-programmed sequencers. Other pop bands from the 1980s which were ostensibly fronted by two performers, such as [[Wham!]] and [[Tears for Fears]], were not actually two-piece ensembles, because other instrumental musicians were used "behind the scenes" to fill out the sound.
Two-piece bands in [[rock music]] are rare. However, starting in the 2000s, blues-influenced rock bands such as [[The White Stripes]] and [[The Black Keys]] utilized a guitar and drums scheme. [[Death From Above 1979]] featured a drummer and bass guitarist. [[Tenacious D]] is a two-guitar band; [[One Day as a Lion]] and [[The Dresden Dolls]] both feature a keyboardist and a drummer. The band Welk consists of a two-man psychedelic flute band, with the occasional [[synthesizer]]. Two-person bands have grown in popularity in experimental rock music. Providence-based [[Lightning Bolt]] is a two-member band. Bassist Brian Gibson augments his playing with delay pedals, pitch shifters, looping devices and other pedals, occasionally creating harmony. [[Local H]], [[No Age]], [[Warship (band)|Warship]], and [[Growing]] are other prominent two-person experimental rock bands.
====Example line-up====
* [[Lead vocals]], [[lead guitar]]
* [[Drums]]
===Three parts===
[[File:Rush-in-concert.jpg|right|thumb|[[Rush]], a power trio with the bassist performing vocals.]]
{{further|[[Power trio]]}}
The smallest ensemble that is commonly used in rock music is the trio format. In a hard rock or blues-rock band, or heavy metal rock group, a [[Power trio|"power trio"]] format is often used, which consists of an electric guitar player, an electric [[bass guitar]] player and a drummer, and typically one or more of these musicians also sing (sometimes all three members will sing, e.g. [[Bee Gees]]). Some well-known power trios with the guitarist on lead vocals are: [[The Jimi Hendrix Experience]], [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Green Day]], [[The Jam]], [[30 Seconds to Mars]] and [[Muse (band)|Muse]], and with the bassist on vocals [[Primus (band)|Primus]], [[The Police (band)|The Police]], [[Rush (band)|Rush]] and [[Cream (band)|Cream]]. There are also some trios where are both guitarist and bass player lead vocal, like [[Blink-182]].
An alternative to the power trio are [[organ trio]]s formed with an electric guitarist, a drummer and a keyboardist. Although organ trios are most commonly associated with 1950s and 1960s jazz organ trio groups such as those led by organist [[Jimmy Smith (musician)|Jimmy Smith]], there are also organ trios in rock-oriented styles, such as [[jazz fusion|jazz-rock fusion]] and [[Grateful Dead]]-influenced [[jam bands]] such as [[Medeski Martin & Wood]]. In organ trios, the keyboard player typically plays a [[Hammond organ]] or similar instrument, which permits the keyboard player to perform bass lines, chords, and lead lines. A variant of the organ trio are trios formed with an electric bassist, a drummer and an electronic keyboardist (playing [[synthesizers]]) such as the [[progressive rock]] band [[Emerson, Lake & Palmer]].
====Example line-up====
* [[Lead vocals]], [[Lead guitar]]
* [[Bass guitar]] or [[Keyboards]]
* [[Drums]], [[Percussion]]
===Four parts===
[[File:2005-11-21 U2 @ MSG by ZG.JPG|thumb|right|[[U2]], a four-part band with a musical trio and a seperate vocalist.]]
The four-piece band is the most common configuration in rock and pop music. Before the development of the electronic keyboard, the configuration was typically two guitarists (one [[Lead Guitar|lead guitarist]] and one [[Rhythm Guitar|rhythm guitarist]], with the latter on vocals), a bass player (typically the electric [[bass guitar]]) and a [[Drum kit|drummer]] (e.g., [[The Beatles]], [[Foo Fighters]], [[Weezer]], [[Coldplay]], [[The Moderns]], [[Metallica]], [[The Clash]] , [[Nickelback]], [[Dire Straits]], [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]], [[The Kinks]], [[The Pixies]], and [[The Smashing Pumpkins]]) Another common formation was a vocalist, electric guitarist, electric bassist and a drummer (e.g.[[The Who]], [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]], [[Queen (band)|Queen]], [[Rage Against the Machine]], [[Black Sabbath]], [[No Doubt]], [[Cheap Trick]], [[Van Halen]], [[U2]], [[Jane's Addiction]], [[Motley Crue]], [[L'arc~en~Ciel]] , [[Blur (band)|Blur]] and [[The Stone Roses]]). Instrumentally, these bands can be considered as trios. In some early rock bands, keyboardists were used, performing on piano (e.g., [[The Rolling Stones]] initially used [[Ian Stewart (musician)|Ian Stewart]] on piano), [[The Doors]] with a guitarist, singer, drummer and keyboardist. Electric pianos (such as the [[Rhodes piano|Fender Rhodes]]), or organ (such as the [[Hammond organ]]) (e.g, [[Pink Floyd]]).
====Example line-up====
{| style=background:transparent width=100%
| width=30% valign=top |
* [[Lead vocals]]
* [[Lead guitar]], [[backing vocals]]
* [[Bass guitar]], backing vocals
* [[Drums]], [[percussion]]
| width=1% |
| width=30% valign=top |
* [[Lead vocals]], [[rhythm guitar]]
* [[Lead guitar]], [[backing vocals]]
* [[Bass guitar]]. backing vocals
* [[Drums]], [[percussion]]
| width=1% |
| width=30% valign=top |
* [[Lead vocals]], [[Guitar]]
* [[Keyboards]], [[backing vocals]]
* [[bass guitar]]
* [[Drums]], [[percussion]]
|}
===Five parts===
Five-part bands have existed in rock music since early times. [[The Beach Boys]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Aerosmith]], [[Def Leppard]], [[AC/DC]], [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], [[Pearl Jam]], [[My Chemical Romance]], [[Guns N' Roses]], [[Radiohead]], [[Steely Dan]], [[The Strokes]] and [[The Yardbirds]] are examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums lineup. An alternative to the five-member lineup replaces the rhythm guitarist with a keyboard–synthesizer player (examples being the bands [[Bon Jovi]], [[Yes (band)|Yes]], [[Fleetwood Mac]], [[Marilyn Manson]] and [[Deep Purple]], all of which consist of a vocalist, guitarist, bassist, keyboardist, and a drummer) or with a [[turntablist]] such as [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]] or [[Limp Bizkit]].
====Line-up====
* [[Lead vocals]]
* [[Lead guitar]],
* [[Rhythm guitar]], [[backing vocals]]
* [[Bass guitar]], [[backing vocals]]
* [[Drum kit|Drums]], [[percussion]]
or
* [[Lead vocals]]
* [[Lead guitar]]
* [[Bass guitar]], [[backing vocals]]
* [[Keyboards]], [[backing vocals]]
* [[Drum kit|Drums]], [[percussion]]
===Larger rock ensembles===
Larger bands have long been a part of rock and pop music, in part due to the influence of the "singer accompanied with orchestra" model inherited from popular [[big-band]] jazz and [[Swing music|swing]] and popularized by [[Frank Sinatra]] and [[Ella Fitzgerald]]. To create larger ensembles, rock bands often add an additional guitarist (as in [[Iron Maiden]]); an additional keyboardist (as in [[Procol Harum]]); additional percussionists (as in Latin-rock bands, e.g. [[Santana (band)|Santana]]); or second drummer (as in [[The Grateful Dead]] and [[The Allman Brothers Band]]). [[Stevie Nicks]] has an extra guitarist, sometimes drummer and three backup singers in her band. [[Nu metal]] band [[Linkin Park]] fits the [[rap rock]] genre with the inclusion of their [[turntablist]] & their emcee, who also plays rhythm guitar & keyboards. [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]] has nine members, including a [[turntablist]] and two [[percussion]]ists who match the drum beat. In other rock bands, particularly those influenced by other genres such as [[folk]], classical, or country, the additional instrumentalists might include a [[mandolin]] player, a [[banjo]] player, a [[sitar]] player, a [[fiddle]]r/acoustic [[violin]]ist, an [[electric violin]]ist, a [[timpani]]st, or a [[pedal steel guitar]]ist. In some of these larger groups (such as [[The Band]]), instrumentalists could play multiple instruments, which enabled the ensemble to create a wider variety of instrument combinations. More rarely, rock or pop groups will be accompanied in concerts by a full or partial symphony orchestra, where lush string-orchestra arrangements are used to flesh out the sound of slow ballads. Third-Wave Ska bands may have six to eight pieces including vocals, guitarist(s), a bassist, a drummer, a trumpet, saxophone, and trombone. Other situations occur depending on the genre the band prefers. For instance, the band [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]] has five members, one of them being a [[Chris Kilmore|DJ]]. Also, the band Dare to Dream has five members, including Steven M. Cooper. [[Huey Lewis and the News]] also had a large rock ensemble, including the members of the News and the separate jazz band [[Tower of Power]] on many of their early hits. Another interesting example is [[Bang Camaro]], who have three guitarists, one keyboardist, one bassist, one drummer, and ten to fifteen singers who sing simultaneously. Bluegrass and other music has roots in Irish folk, and some [[Irish punk]] bands such as [[Flogging Molly]] have multiple members, some of which play the fiddle, banjo, and the accordion. On the extreme, symphonic metal group [[Haggard (band)|Haggard]] at one time had 21 members, being numerous different types of instrumentalists and vocalists, approaching something more reminiscent of a small [[chamber orchestra]], and the extreme gothic metal band [[Theatres des Vampires]] (usually with eight members: three vocalists, two guitarists, a drummer, a bassist and a keyboardist) reached 12 members in 2004, with ''[[Nightbreed of Macabria]]'' (Four vocalists, two guitarists, a drummer, a bassist, a keyboardist, a violinist, a violist, a cellist, an hornist and a flautist).
====Example line-up====
* [[Lead vocals]]
* [[Lead guitar]], [[backing vocals]]
* [[Rhythm guitar]] 1
* [[Rhythm guitar]] 2
* [[Bass guitar]], backing vocals
* [[Drums]], [[percussion]]
* [[Turntablism|DJ]]
* [[Sampler (musical instrument)|Sampler]]
* [[Keyboards]], [[synthesizers]]
==Musical drama==
Sung dramas such as [[opera]]s and [[Musical theater|musicals]] usually have numbers where several of the principals are singing together, either on their own or with the [[choir|chorus]]. Such numbers (''duets'', ''trios'', etc) are also referred to as 'ensembles'.
==Other western musical ensembles==
In the 1900s, the Wind Symphony or [[Wind Ensemble]] became popular, especially in academic circles. A [[wind ensemble]] consists entirely of [[wind instruments]] and [[percussion instruments]], but may also include a double bass. Schools from elementary level onward often have a [[school band]] program which is usually centered around its [[wind ensemble]], often known as a [[concert band]].
A [[choir]] is a group of voices. By analogy, sometimes a group of similar instruments in a symphony orchestra are referred to as a choir. For example, the [[woodwind]] instruments of a symphony orchestra could be called the woodwind choir.
A group that plays [[popular music]] or [[military music]] is usually called a [[band (music)|band]].
A group that plays while marching on a football field, without being a marching band, is called a [[drum and bugle corps]]. These bands perform a wide range of music, ranging from arrangements of jazz orchestral, or popular music to military-style marches. Drum corps perform on brass and percussion instruments only. Some corps perform on bugles in the key of G, while others perform on brass instruments in multiple keys, depending on the group. Drum and Bugle Corps incorporate costumes, hats, and pageantry in their performances.
Other band types include:
*[[Jug band]]s
* [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[Mariachi]] groups typically consist of at least two [[violin]]s, two [[trumpet]]s, one [[Spanish guitar]], one [[vihuela]] (a high-pitched, five-string guitar), and one [[Guitarrón]] (a Mexican acoustic bass that is roughly guitar-shaped), and one or more singers.
== See also ==
{{Portal|Music|%27A%27_(PSF).png}}
* [[Music]]
==References==
{{refs}}
[[Category:Musical groups]]
[[af:Musiekgroep]]
[[br:Strollad sonerien]]
[[ca:Banda de música]]
[[cs:Kapela]]
[[da:Band]]
[[de:Band (Musik)]]
[[es:Banda de música]]
[[fr:Groupe musical]]
[[ga:Banna ceoil]]
[[gl:Banda de música]]
[[id:Grup musik]]
[[it:Gruppo musicale]]
[[he:להקה]]
[[nl:Muziekgroep]]
[[ja:バンド (音楽)]]
[[no:Band]]
[[pl:Grupa muzyczna]]
[[pt:Banda musical]]
[[ro:Formaţie (muzică)]]
[[qu:Kusituy]]
[[ru:Музыкальный ансамбль]]
[[simple:Band]]
[[sk:Hudobná skupina]]
[[sl:Glasbena skupina]]
[[fi:Yhtye]]
[[sv:Musikgrupp]]
[[tr:Bando]]
[[uk:Музичний колектив]]
|
