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Although much attention in healthcare is paid to clinical issues and to the medical care patients receive, recently little attention has been paid also to the physical space where patient stay. '''Evidence-based design''' (EBD) is an approach to healthcare design that give importance to design features that impact patient health, well-being, mood, and safety, as well as staff stress and safety. The approach focused on the relations between the quality and the features of the hospital environment and the patient healing.
EBD is the process of basing decisions about the built environment on credible research to achieve the best possible outcomes ([http://www.healthdesign.org The Center for Health Design], 2008).
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Approximately 1200 credible studies with specific environmental relevance have been identified by [http://www.healthdesign.org The Center for Health Design] in these areas, and many more applicable research citations are in other branches of the literature.
== Background ==
Hospitals designers and administrators main aim is to create a healing space. It could be defined as a space that reduces stress, helps health and healing, and improves patient and staff safety.
The notion of a healing space goes back to ancient Greece: people who were ill looked towareds temples in the hope of having dreams where the God would reveal cures. Later, in 1860, Florence Nightingale fixed ventilation and fresh air as “the very first canon of nursing,” and underline the importance of quietness, proper lighting, warmth, and clean water. Then, a pioneering study conducted by Roger Ulrich in 1984 found that surgery patients with a view of nature suffered fewer complications, used less pain medication, and were discharged sooner than those with a brick-wall view. in addition, studies exist about the psychological effects of lighting, carpeting, and noise on critical-care patients.
Currently there is evidence that links the physical environment with the improvement of patients and staff safety, wellness and satisfaction {{
EBD continues several research and building practices that have been developed in the 1960s.
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== Related approaches ==
=== Performance Based Building Design (PBBD)===
From the perspective of the building industry, EBD is tightly related to [[Performance-Based Building Design]] practices. PBBD, as an approach to design process, attempts to create clear and statistical relationships between design decisions and requirements satisfaction levels evidenced by the building systems. Like EBD, PBBD uses research evidence to predict performance related to design decisions.
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The Evidence Based Design Accreditation and Certification (EDAC) program has been rolled out in 2009 by [http://www.healthdesign.org The Center for Health Design] with the purpose to provide nationally recognized accreditation and to promote the use of EBD processes in healthcare building projects. Therefore, its intent is to make EBD an accepted and credible approach to improve healthcare outcomes.
The EDAC is meant to identify qualified experts experienced in EBD practice and to teach about the research process, such as identifying, hypothesizing, implementing, gathering and reporting credible data associated with a health care project.
== Methodology and strategies ==
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* 7. Use strategic partnerships to accelerate innovation, in order to create innovative new products using hospital staff expertise and leverage.
* 8. Support and demand simulation and testing assuming the patient’s perspective through making lighting, energy, and other kinds of models; and computer visualizations.
* 9. Use a lifecycle perspective (
* 10. Overcommunicate: positive outcomes are closely linked to the involvement of clinical staff and community members; it can be reached by attending meetings, sending out newsletters, creating Web cams, and other tools.
== Tools ==
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Hospitals’ chiefs and designers say that building a patient-oriented facility increases marginally the cost of construction, and the extra expense does not pass along to patients.
EBD practices, if applied to the whole healthcare system, maximize the capital investment by quantifiably improvements, producing a significant multiyear return on investment. In fact, cost savings resulting from reducing infections, decreasing staff turnover efforts, reducing hospitalization time, properly managed and monitored, match to financial benefits that continue for several years, making the innovations a long-term investment.
==External links==▼
* [http://www.healthdesign.org The Center for Health Design]▼
* [http://www.healthdesign.org/research/reports/physical_environ.php Role of the Physical Environment in the Hospital of the 21st Century] report published by The Center for Health Design in 2004 that summarizes current evidence-based design research for healthcare.▼
* [http://www.informedesign.umn.edu/ InformeDesign] free online research database of studies linking the environment to outcomes.▼
==References==
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* ZIMRING C.M., AUGENBROE G.L., MALONE E.B., SADLER B.L., Implementing healthcare excellence: the vital role of the CEO in evidence based design, WHITE PAPER SERIES 3/5, Evidence-Based Design Resources for Healthcare Executives, The Center for Health Design, September 2008
* ULRICH R.S., ZIMRING C.M., ZHU X., DUBOSE J., SEO H.B., CHOI Y.S., QUAN X., JOSEPH A., A review of the research literature on evidence based healthcare design, WHITE PAPER SERIES 5/5, Evidence-Based Design Resources for Healthcare Executives, The Center for Health Design, September 2008
▲==External links==
▲* [http://www.healthdesign.org The Center for Health Design]
▲* [http://www.healthdesign.org/research/reports/physical_environ.php Role of the Physical Environment in the Hospital of the 21st Century] report published by The Center for Health Design in 2004 that summarizes current evidence-based design research for healthcare.
▲* [http://www.informedesign.umn.edu/ InformeDesign] free online research database of studies linking the environment to outcomes.
==Further reading==
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