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===Unix===
The [[Unix]] operating system was conceived and implemented in 1969 at [[AT&T]]'s Bell Laboratories in the [[United States]] by [[Ken Thompson]], [[Dennis Ritchie]], [[Douglas McIlroy]], and [[Joe Ossanna]]. It was first released in 1971 and was initially entirely written in [[assembly language]], a common practice at the time. Later, in a key pioneering approach in 1973, Unix was re-written in the programming language [[C (programming language)|C]] by [[Dennis Ritchie]], (with exceptions to the kernel and I/O). The availability of an operating system written in a high-level language allowed easier [[Porting|portability]] to different computer platforms and Unix became widely adopted by academic institutions and
===GNU===
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