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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>Kummer 2003.</ref>
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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<sup
id="nbFoot01" class="reference">[[#noteFoot01|[1]]]</sup>
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<supref>Klatsky 2006.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>Pereira 2006.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>Bakalar 2006.</ref>
id="nbFoot02" class="reference">[[#noteFoot02|[2]]]</sup> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<sup
id="nbFoot03" class="reference">[[#noteFoot03|[3]]]</sup> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<sup
id="nbFoot04" class="reference">[[#noteFoot04|[4]]]</sup>
Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>Mahmud 2001.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>Johnson 2001.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>BBC 2004.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>Smith 2002.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>Johns Hopkins 2003.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>Haines 2007.</ref>
Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<sup
id="nbFoot05" class="reference">[[#noteFoot05|[5]]]</sup> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<sup
id="nbFoot06" class="reference">[[#noteFoot06|[6]]]</sup> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<sup
id="nbFoot07" class="reference">[[#noteFoot07|[7]]]</sup> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<sup
id="nbFoot08" class="reference">[[#noteFoot08|[8]]]</sup> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<sup
id="nbFoot09" class="reference">[[#noteFoot09|[9]]]</sup> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<sup
id="nbFoot10" class="reference">[[#noteFoot10|[10]]]</sup>
<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,
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<br><br>
<font size=3><b>Notes</b></font>
----
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; margin-top:1em">
<ol class="references">
<li id="noteFoot01"
><b>[[#nbFoot01|^]]</b> Kummer 2003.</li>
<li id="noteFoot02"
><b>[[#nbFoot02|^]]</b> Klatsky 2006.</li>
<li id="noteFoot03"
><b>[[#nbFoot03|^]]</b> Pereira 2006.</li>
<li id="noteFoot04"
><b>[[#nbFoot04|^]]</b> Bakalar 2006.</li>
<li id="noteFoot05"
><b>[[#nbFoot05|^]]</b> Mahmud 2006.</li>
<li id="noteFoot06"
><b>[[#nbFoot06|^]]</b> Johnson 2001.</li>
<li id="noteFoot07"
><b>[[#nbFoot07|^]]</b> BBC 2004.</li>
<li id="noteFoot08"
><b>[[#nbFoot08|^]]</b> Smith 2002.</li>
<li id="noteFoot09"
><b>[[#nbFoot09|^]]</b> Johns Hopkins 2003.</li>
<li id="noteFoot10"
><b>[[#nbFoot10|^]]</b> Haines 2007.</li>
</ol></div>
<!--multi back links would be coded...<li id="noteFoot99"
>^ <i><sup>[[#nbFoot99a|a]]</sup></i> <i><sup>[[#nbFoot99b|b]]</sup></i> Author 2008.</li> -->
== Notes ==
<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>
{{reflist|3}}
----
<div class="references-small" style="margin-top:1em">
== References ==
<div class="references-small">
*{{cite web
|last = Bakalar
'''Rendering:'''
<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>[[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]].</ref>
<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,
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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<sup
id="nbWlFoot01" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot01|[1]]]</sup>
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<supref>[[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>[[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>[[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</ref>
id="nbWlFoot02" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot02|[2]]]</sup> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<sup
id="nbWlFoot03" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot03|[3]]]</sup> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<sup
id="nbWlFoot04" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot04|[4]]]</sup>
Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>[[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>[[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>[[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>[[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>[[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>[[#refHaines 2007|Haines 2007]].</ref>
Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<sup
id="nbWlFoot05" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot05|[5]]]</sup> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<sup
== Notes ==
id="nbWlFoot06" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot06|[6]]]</sup> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<sup
{{reflist|3}}
id="nbWlFoot07" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot07|[7]]]</sup> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<sup
id="nbWlFoot08" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot08|[8]]]</sup> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<sup
== References ==
id="nbWlFoot09" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot09|[9]]]</sup> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<sup
<div class="references-small">
id="nbWlFoot10" class="reference">[[#noteWlFoot10|[10]]]</sup>
<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,
so as not to clash with normal <ref> tags, which are used in the footnotes rendering further below. -->
<br><br>
<font size=3><b>Notes</b></font>
----
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; margin-top:1em">
<ol class="references">
<li id="noteWlFoot01"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot01|^]]</b> [[#refKummer2003|Kummer 2003]].</li>
<li id="noteWlFoot02"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot02|^]]</b> [[#refKlatsky2006|Klatsky 2006]].</li>
<li id="noteWlFoot03"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot03|^]]</b> [[#refPereira2006|Pereira 2006]].</li>
<li id="noteWlFoot04"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot04|^]]</b> [[#refBakalar2006|Bakalar 2006]].</li>
<li id="noteWlFoot05"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot05|^]]</b> [[#refMahmud2001|Mahmud 2001]].</li>
<li id="noteWlFoot06"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot06|^]]</b> [[#refJohnson2001|Johnson 2001]].</li>
<li id="noteWlFoot07"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot07|^]]</b> [[#refBBC2004|BBC 2004]].</li>
<li id="noteWlFoot08"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot08|^]]</b> [[#refSmith2002|Smith 2002]].</li>
<li id="noteWlFoot09"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot09|^]]</b> [[#refJohnsHopkins2003|Johns Hopkins 2003]].</li>
<li id="noteWlFoot10"
><b>[[#nbWlFoot10|^]]</b> [[#refHaines2007|Haines 2007]].</li>
</ol></div>
<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>
----
<div class="references-small" style="margin-top:1em">
*<cite id=refBakalar2006>{{cite web
|last = Bakalar
'''Rendering:'''
<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">
Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{Harvnb|Kummer|2003}}.</ref>
<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,
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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<sup
id="nbFootHC01" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC01|[1]]]</sup>
Coffee appears to reduce the risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[heart disease]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[cirrhosis]] of the [[liver]],<supref>{{Harvnb|Klatsky|2006}}.</ref> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<ref>{{Harvnb|Pereira|2006}}.</ref> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bakalar|2006}}.</ref>
id="nbFootHC02" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC02|[2]]]</sup> and [[gout]]. Some health effects are due to the [[caffeine]] content of coffee, as the benefits are only observed in those who drink caffeinated coffee, while others appear to be due to other components.<sup
id="nbFootHC03" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC03|[3]]]</sup> For example, the [[antioxidant]]s in coffee prevent [[Radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] from causing cell damage.<sup
id="nbFootHC04" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC04|[4]]]</sup>
Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mahmud|2001}}.</ref> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Johnson|2001}}.</ref> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<ref>{{Harvnb|BBC|2004}}.</ref> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<ref>{{Harvnb|Smith|2002}}.</ref> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<ref>{{Harvnb|JohnsHopkins|2003}}.</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{Harvnb|Haines|2007}}.</ref>
Coffee's negative health effects are mostly due to its [[caffeine]] content. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls.<sup
id="nbFootHC05" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC05|[5]]]</sup> Excess coffee consumption may lead to a [[magnesium deficiency (medicine)|magnesium deficiency]] or [[hypomagnesaemia]],<sup
id="nbFootHC06" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC06|[6]]]</sup> and may be a risk factor for [[Coronary_heart_disease|coronary heart disease]]. Some studies suggest that it may have a mixed effect on [[short-term memory]], by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current [[train of thought]], but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information.<sup
id="nbFootHC07" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC07|[7]]]</sup> About 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) reported increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn,<sup
id="nbFootHC08" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC08|[8]]]</sup> and about 15% of the general population report having stopped caffeine use completely, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects.<sup
id="nbFootHC09" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC09|[9]]]</sup> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<sup
id="nbFootHC10" class="reference">[[#noteFootHC10|[10]]]</sup>
<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,
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<br><br>
<font size=3><b>Notes</b></font>
----
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; margin-top:1em">
<ol class="references">
<li id="noteFootHC01"
><b>[[#nbFootHC01|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Kummer|2003|Ref=HCKummer2003}}.</li>
<li id="noteFootHC02"
><b>[[#nbFootHC02|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Klatsky|2006|Ref=HCKlatsky2006}}.</li>
<li id="noteFootHC03"
><b>[[#nbFootHC03|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Pereira|2006|Ref=HCPereira2006}}.</li>
<li id="noteFootHC04"
><b>[[#nbFootHC04|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Bakalar|2006|Ref=HCBakalar2006}}.</li>
<li id="noteFootHC05"
><b>[[#nbFootHC05|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Mahmud|2001|Ref=HCMahmud2001}}.</li>
<li id="noteFootHC06"
><b>[[#nbFootHC06|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Johnson|2001|Ref=HCJohnson2001}}.</li>
<li id="noteFootHC07"
><b>[[#nbFootHC07|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|BBC|2004|Ref=HCBBC2004}}.</li>
<li id="noteFootHC08"
><b>[[#nbFootHC08|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Smith|2002|Ref=HCSmith2002}}.</li>
<li id="noteFootHC09"
><b>[[#nbFootHC09|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Johns Hopkins|2003|Ref=HCJohnsHopkins2003}}.</li>
<li id="noteFootHC10"
><b>[[#nbFootHC10|^]]</b> {{Harvnb|Haines|2007|Ref=HCHaines2007}}.</li>
</ol></div>
<!--multi back links would be coded...<li id="noteFoot99"
>^ <i><sup>[[#nbFootHC99a|a]]</sup></i> <i><sup>[[#nbFootHC99b|b]]</sup></i> {{Harvnb|Author|2008|Ref=HCAuthor2008}}.</li> -->
== Notes ==
{{reflist|3}}
== References ==
<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>
<div class="references-small">
----
<div class="references-small" style="margin-top:1em">
*{{Citation
|last = Bakalar
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/15/health/nutrition/15coff.html?ex=1313294400&en=d420f19ee1c77365&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
|accessdate = 2007-07-28
|ref=HCBakalar2006
}}
*{{Citation
|publisher = BBC News
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
|ref = CITEREFBBC2004
|ref=HCBBC2004
}}
*{{Citation
|publisher = The U.S. National Library of Medicine
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
|ref=HCHaines2007
}}
*{{Citation
|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
|ref = CITEREFJohnsHopkins2003
|ref=HCJohnsHopkins2003
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 11425281
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
|ref=HCJohnson2001
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 16772246
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
|ref=HCKlatsky2006
}}
*{{Citation
|isbn = 0618302409
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
|ref=HCKummer2003
}}
*{{Citation
|title = Caffeine, Priming, and Tip of the Tongue: Evidence for Plasticity in the Phonological System
|journal = Behavioral Neuroscience
|year = 2004
|month = June
|volume = 118
|issue = 3
|pages = 453-461
|ref=HCLesk2004
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 11509481
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
|ref=HCMahmud2001
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 16801515
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
|ref=HCPereira2006
}}
*{{Citation
|pmid = 12204388
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
|ref=HCSmith2002
}}
</div>
====Citation templates unaligned==== <!--edit page rather than section if browser misbehaves here-->
This is how the same templates would look running horizontally without any vertical alignment. <!--i.e. construed to look similar when viewed on the page. If you're actually IN edit mode it'll look different with the <div> and <pre> tags used to make the construction work-->
<div style="height: 400px; overflow:auto; border: 1px solid DarkSeaGreen; background:white; margin: 1em; padding: 4px">
All three of the above footnote examples would render exactly the same.
<div style="margin: 1em; padding: 1em; border:1px solid #999">
<!-- Note if you're viewing in edit mode then the references you see here are a hard-coded constructions for example purposes,
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Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings are contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding negative effects of coffee consumption.<ref name=Kummer2003>{{
cite book
|work = Information about Caffeine Dependence
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
}}</ref> Nevertheless, the mainstream view of medical experts is that drinking three 8-ounce (236 ml) cups of coffee per day (considered average or moderate consumption) does not have significant health risks for adults.<ref>{{
cite web
|author = Haines, Cynthia Dennison
|year = 2007
|accessdate = 2008-02-23
}}</ref>
<div style="margin-top:1em"><font size=3><b>References</b></font></div>
== References ==
----
{{reflist}}
</div>
</div>
<br>
| 