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The larger symbol size of the Outer Code (typically a Reed-Solomon code) makes the outer code more robust to [[error burst|burst error]]s that may occur due to channel impairments. Reed-Solomon codes typically exhibit bursty error state conditions, but this misbehaviour can be turned to advantage with the concatenation method.
Additionally, an [[interleaving|interlever]] layer may be used that spreads burst errors across a wider range.
The combination of an inner ''Viterbi convolutional code'' with an outer ''Reed-Solomon code'' (known as an RSV code) became the most popular construction use of code concatenation.
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