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'''Natural Language User Interfaces''' (LUI) are a type of [[User interface|computer human interface]] where linguistic phenomenon such as verbs, phrases, and clauses act as UI controls for creating, selecting, and modifying data in software applications.
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An intuitive general Natural language interface is one of the active goals of the [[Semantic Web]].
It is important to note that text interfaces are 'natural' to varying degrees, and that many formal (un-natural) programming languages incorporate idioms of natural human language. Likewise, a traditional [[keyword search]] engine could be described as a 'shallow' Natural language user interface.
==Overview==
A natural language search engine would in theory find targeted answers to user questions (as opposed to [[keyword search]]). For example, when confronted with a question of the form 'which [[United States|U.S.]] state has the highest [[income tax]]?', conventional search engines ignore the question and instead do a search on the [[Keyword (Internet search)|keywords]] 'state, income and tax'. Natural language search, on the other hand, attempts to use natural language processing to understand the nature of the question and then to search and return a subset of the web that contains the answer to the question. If it works, results would have a higher relevance than results from a keyword search engine.
From a commercial standpoint, advertising on the results page could also be more relevant and could have a higher revenue potential than that of keyword search engines.{{Fact|now|date=May 2008}}
==History==
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* '''Janus''' is also one of the few systems to support temporal questions.
* '''Intellect''' from [[Trinzic]] (formed by the merger of AICorp and Aion).
* Bbn’s '''Parlance''' built on experience from the development of the '''Rus''' and '''Irus''' systems.
• [[Ibm]]’s '''Languageaccess'''
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• '''Loqui''' from [[Bim]].
• '''English Wizard''' from [[Linguistic Technology Corporation]].
▲==Modern Applications==
===Ubiquity===
{{main|Ubiquity (Firefox)
===Wolfram Alpha===
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===Siri===
{{main|Siri}}
Siri is a [[personal assistant]] application for the [[iPhone OS]]. The application uses [[natural language processing]] to answer questions and make recommendations. The iPhone app is the first public product by its makers, who are focused on [[artificial intelligence]] applications.
Siri's marketing claims include that Siri adapts to the user's individual preferences over time and personalizes results, as well as accomplishing tasks such as making dinner reservations while trying to catch a cab. <ref>[http://www.siri.com/about/ Siri homepage]</ref>
===Others===
* [[Q-go]]
* [[Ask.com]]
* [[Brainboost]]
* [[hakia]]
* [[Lexxe]]
* [[Powerset (company)|Powerset]] — On May 11, 2008, the company unveiled a tool for searching a fixed subset of [[Wikipedia]] using conversational phrases rather than keywords.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/technology/tech-powerset.html?_r=1&oref=slogin{{Dead link|date=May 2008}}</ref> On July 1, 2008, it was purchased by [[Microsoft]].<ref>[http://www.powerset.com/blog/articles/2008/07/01/microsoft-to-acquire-powerset Powerset Blog : Microsoft to Acquire Powerset]</ref>
* [[START (MIT project)]] [http://start.csail.mit.edu/]
* [[TrueKnowledge]]
* [[Yebol]]
==Criticism==
Natural language interfaces have in the past led users to anthropomorphize the computer, or at least to attribute more intelligence than is warranted to it. This leads to unrealistic expectations of the capabilities of the system on the part of the user. Such expectations will make it difficult to learn the restrictions of the system if they attribute to much capability to it, and they will lead to disappointment when the system fails to perform as expected.
== See also ==
*[[Noisy text]]
*[[Question answering]]
*[[
{{Computable knowledge}}
[[Category:User interface]]
[[Category:Artificial intelligence applications]]
[[Category:Natural language processing]]
[[Category:Computational linguistics]]
[[Category:Information retrieval]]
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