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The software that connects physical domains is called a coupler in the Earth system modeling community. Couplers follow the [[mediator pattern]] and take the outputs from one component and transform them into the inputs that are needed to run another component. Transformations may include unit conversions, grid interpolation or remapping, mergers (i.e., combining land and ocean surfaces to form a completely covered global surface) or other specialized transformations. In ESMF, couplers are also software components.
===Capabilities===
ESMF represents user data in the form of [[data object]]s such as grids, fields, and arrays. The user data within a component may be copied or referenced into these ESMF objects. Once user data is part of an ESMF data object, framework methods can be used to transform and transfer the data as required to other components in the system. This generally happens within a coupler component.
Grid [[interpolation]] and [[remapping]] are core utilities of ESMF. Interpolation weights can be generated in ESMF using [[bilinear interpolation]], finite element patch recovery, and conservative remapping methods.
ESMF can associate [[metadata]] with data objects. The metadata, in the form of name and value pairs, is grouped into packages, which can be written out in [[XML]] and other standard formats. ESMF metadata packages are based on community conventions including the [[Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions]] and the [[METAFOR]] Common Information Model.
===History===
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