Crimean Tatars: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 08:07, 15 January 2006

Revision as of 21:44, 16 January 2006

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The Crimean Khanate became a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire in 1475, when the Ottoman grand vezir conquered the coast of Crimea. However, the Ottomans respected the legitimacy of Giray khans to rule in the rest of Crimea and the steppes, because of their Jingizid lineage. The alliance with the Ottomans became an important factor in the survival of the khanate until the 18th century, while its sisters, the [[Kazan Khanate]] and the [[Astrakhan Khanate]] were destroyed by the increasingly powerful Russian state.

The [[Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774|Ottoman-Russian War of 1768-1774]] resulted with the defeat of the Ottomans, and according to the [[Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji]] (1774) signed after the war, Crimea became independent and Ottomans renounced their political right to protect the Crimean Khanate. Russia violated the treaty and annexed the Crimean Khanate in [[1783]]. After the annexation, under pressure of Slavic colonization, Crimean Tatar began to abandon their homes and move to the [[Ottoman Empire]] in continuing waves of emigration. Particularly, the [[Crimean War]] of [[1853]]-[[1856]], the laws of [[1860]]-[[1863|63]] and the [[Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878|Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878]] caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars. Some researchers estimate that one million Tatars had to abondonabandon their homeland in the 19th century. Many Tatars perished in the process of emigration, many was drawn while crossing the Black Sea. Today the descendants of these Tatars form the [[Crimean Tatar diaspora]] in [[Bulgaria]], [[Romania]] and [[Turkey]].

[[Ismail Bey Gaspirali]] (1851-1914) was a renowned Crimean Tatar intellectual, whose efforts laid the foundation for the modernization of Muslim Tatar culture and the emergence of the Crimean Tatar national identity. The newspaper he published [[Tercuman]] /Perevodchik (1883-1914), functioned as a school through which a national conscioussness and modern thinking emerged among the Tatars. His [[New Method]] (Usul-ü Cedid) schools, numbered 350 across the peninsula raised a new Tatar elite. This new elite, which included [[Celebi Cihan]] and [[Cafer Seydahmet]] proclaimed the first democratic republic in the Islamic world in 26 December 1917. However, this republic was short-lived and destroyed by the [[Bolsheviks]] in January 1918.

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* [http://www.euronet.nl/users/sota/krimtatar.html Crimean Tatar Home Page]

* [http://www.unpo.org/member.php?arg=20 Crimean Tatars]

[[Category:Crimean Tatars| ]]