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==Campagna di colpa collettiva==

[[File:Namering exhumed bodies of SS murdered slave workers ww2-183.jpg|thumb|right|300px|le truppe alleate costringivenospesso comunementecostrinsero con le armi i civili tedeschi a visitare campi di concentramento e in alcuni casi ad esumare fosse comuni di vittime dei nazisti.]] Nel 1945 c'era il consenso alleato—che non esistette più a lungo—sulla dottrina della colpa collettiva, that all Germans shared the [[blame]] not only for the war but for Nazi [[human rights abuses|atrocities]] as well.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,844961-1,00.html Time Magazine article]</ref><ref>''See also'' [[Guilt (law)]] and [[Stuttgart Declaration of Guilt]].</ref></blockquote>

Le idee sulla colpa collettiva e la punizione collettiva nacquero verso la fine della guerra per mano della classe politica inglese e americana, quando cominciarono a essere diffusi orrendi video sui campi di concentramento nazisti per indurire l'opinione pubblica e renderla più conforme a quella dei politici.

A partire dal 1944 fu iniziata una campagna di [[propaganda]] negli USA che sosteneva una pace con condizioni molto dure per la Germania e che era volta anche a porre fine alla consuetidine di vedere il nazismo come un'entità separata rispetto al popolo tedesco.Already in 1944 prominent US opinion makers had initiated a domestic propaganda campaign (which was to continue until 1948) arguing for a harsh peace for Germany, with a particular aim to end the apparent habit in the US of viewing the Nazis and the German people as separate entities.<ref>Steven Casey, (2005), The Campaign to sell a harsh peace for Germany to the American public, 1944 - 1948, [online]. London: LSE Research Online. [Available online at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/archive/00000736] Originally published in History, 90 (297). pp. 62-92 (2005) Blackwell Publishing, "Indeed, in 1944 their main motive for launching a propaganda campaign was to try to put an end to the persistent American habit 'of setting the Nazis apart from the German people'"</ref>

The ideas of [[collective guilt]] and [[collective punishment]] originated not with the US and British people, but on higher policy levels.<ref name="Francis R. Nicosia p.130,131">Francis R. Nicosia,Jonathan Huener "Business and industry in Nazi Germany", p.130,131</ref> Not until late in the war did the US public assign collective responsibility to the German people.<ref name="Francis R. Nicosia p.130,131"/> The most notable policy document containing elements of collective guilt and collective punishment is [[JCS 1067]] from early 1945.<ref name="Francis R. Nicosia p.130,131"/> Eventually horrific footage from the concentration camps would serve to harden public opinion and bring it more in line with that of policymakers.<ref name="Francis R. Nicosia p.130,131"/>

Already in 1944 prominent US opinion makers had initiated a domestic propaganda campaign (which was to continue until 1948) arguing for a harsh peace for Germany, with a particular aim to end the apparent habit in the US of viewing the Nazis and the German people as separate entities.<ref>Steven Casey, (2005), The Campaign to sell a harsh peace for Germany to the American public, 1944 - 1948, [online]. London: LSE Research Online. [Available online at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/archive/00000736] Originally published in History, 90 (297). pp. 62-92 (2005) Blackwell Publishing, "Indeed, in 1944 their main motive for launching a propaganda campaign was to try to put an end to the persistent American habit 'of setting the Nazis apart from the German people'"</ref>

Statements made by the British and U.S. governments, both before and immediately after Germany's [[Surrender (military)|surrender]], indicate that the German nation as a whole was to be held [[moral responsibility|responsible]] for the actions of the Nazi regime, often using the terms "collective guilt" and "[[collective responsibility]]".<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=FiyHJ8MiR1gC&pg=PA262&dq=collective+responsibility+german&sig=NHnIn8bNfr_WYo4F_AZ2Gea0cc0#PPA262,M1 Balfour, pg 264]</ref>