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==Controversie==
TheIl conceptconcetto ofdi emergyemergia hasrisulta beentuttora controversialcontroverso withinin severalseno academica communitiesdiverse includingcomunità ecologyaccademiche, thermodynamicscome andad economyesempio l'ecologia, la termodinamica e l'economia<ref>Ayres, R.U., 1998. Ecology vs. Economics: Confusing Production and Consumption. Center of the Management of Environmental Resources, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.</ref><ref>Cleveland, C.J., Kaufmann, R.K., Stern, D.I., 2000. Aggregation and the role of energy in the economy. Ecol. Econ. 32, 301–317.</ref><ref>Hau JL, Bakshi BR. 2004. Promise and problems of emergy analysis. Ecological Modelling 178:215–225.</ref><ref>Mansson, B.A., McGlade, J.M., 1993. Ecology, thermodynamics and H.T. Odum’s conjectures. Oecologia 93, 582–596.</ref><ref>Silvert W. 1982. The theory of power and efficiency in ecology. Ecological Modelling 15:159–164.</ref><ref>Spreng, D.T., 1988. Net-Energy Analysis and the Energy Requirements of Energy Systems. Praeger Publishers, New York, 289 pp.</ref>. Una Emergydelle theorycritiche hasmosse beenè criticizedche undersi thevuole assumptionintrodurre thatuna itteoria fostersenergetica andel energyvalore theoryin ofsostituzione valuedelle toaltre replace[[teorie otherdel theories of valuevalore]]. ThisI criticismsostenitori maydell'emergia missribattono theche factil thatloro theproposito goalè of emergy evaluations is tofornire provideun anvalore " ecocentricecocentrico" valueda ofassegnare systems,ai processessistemi, andai productsprocessi ase opposedai toprodotti, thein anthropocentricopposizione valuesai ofvalori economics."antropocentrici"; non Thuspretendono itdi doessostituire noti purportvalori toeconomici, replacema economicdi valuesfornire butulteriori toinformazioni provideda additionalun information,punto fromdi avista verydiverso, differentper pointle ofquali view,la withsocietà whichpotrebbe public policy might benefitbeneficiarne. ▼<!--
▲The concept of emergy has been controversial within several academic communities including ecology, thermodynamics and economy<ref>Ayres, R.U., 1998. Ecology vs. Economics: Confusing Production and Consumption. Center of the Management of Environmental Resources, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.</ref><ref>Cleveland, C.J., Kaufmann, R.K., Stern, D.I., 2000. Aggregation and the role of energy in the economy. Ecol. Econ. 32, 301–317.</ref><ref>Hau JL, Bakshi BR. 2004. Promise and problems of emergy analysis. Ecological Modelling 178:215–225.</ref><ref>Mansson, B.A., McGlade, J.M., 1993. Ecology, thermodynamics and H.T. Odum’s conjectures. Oecologia 93, 582–596.</ref><ref>Silvert W. 1982. The theory of power and efficiency in ecology. Ecological Modelling 15:159–164.</ref><ref>Spreng, D.T., 1988. Net-Energy Analysis and the Energy Requirements of Energy Systems. Praeger Publishers, New York, 289 pp.</ref>. Emergy theory has been criticized under the assumption that it fosters an energy theory of value to replace other theories of value. This criticism may miss the fact that the goal of emergy evaluations is to provide an "ecocentric" value of systems, processes, and products as opposed to the anthropocentric values of economics. Thus it does not purport to replace economic values but to provide additional information, from a very different point of view, with which public policy might benefit.
WhileMentre energyla qualityqualità hasdell'energia beenè recognized,stata somewhat,accettata indalla theletteratura energyed literature where different forms of fossil energy are expressedutilizzata in coal or oildiversi equivalentsstudi<ref>Cleveland, C.J. 1992. Energy quality and energy surplus in the extraction of fossil fuels in the U.S. Ecological Economics. Volume 6, Issue 2, October 1992, Pp 139-162.</ref>, andusando someil researchers[[primo haveprincipio evendella expressed electricity in oil equivalents<ref>(electricity production potential/MWe) (1000 kW/MW) (8760 hrs/yr.) (0.9 capacity factor) (3413 BTU/kW-hr) (1 bbl oil equivalent/6 x 106 BTU) = Barrels of Oil Equivalent per year (BOE/yr).</ref> by using 1st law efficienciestermodinamica]], manymolti researchersricercatori havesi beensono reluctantinvece todimostrati acceptriluttanti qualityad correctionsaccettare ofle othercorrezioni formsdella ofqualità energydi anddiverse resources.forme di Theenergia: l'idea thatche auna caloriecaloria ofdi sunlightluce issolare notnon equivalentsia toequivalente aad calorieuna ofcaloria fossildi fuelcombustibile orfossile electricityo strikesdi many aselettricità absurd,per basedalcuni onsfiora the 1st Law definition of energy units as measures of heat (i.e. Joulel's [[mechanical equivalent of heat]])assurdo<ref>Sciubba, E., 2010. On the Second-Law inconsistency of Emergy Analysis. Energy 35, 3696-3706.</ref>. OthersAltri havehanno rejectedrespinto theil conceptconcetto asin beingquanto impracticalpoco pratico: sincedal fromloro theirpunto perspectivedi itvista isper impossibleesempio toè quantifyimpossibile thecalcolare amountla ofquantità sunlightdi thatluce issolare requiredche toè producenecessaria aper quantityprodurre ofuna oil.certa quantità Thisdi latterpetrolio; issuequesto resultsproblema fromderiva adunque concernda aboutuna thepreoccupazione [[uncertainty]]per le incertezze misurative involvedcoinvolte in suchtale quantificationquantificazione. Molti Inecononomisti combininghanno systemsinfine ofcriticato humanityla andcombinazione naturedi andpunti evaluatingdi environmentalvista inputantropici toed economiesecologici, mainstreamin economistsquanto criticizetrascurano theil emergyvalore methodologydi formercato disregardingdeterminato marketdalla drivendisponibilità valuese asdalla determined by [[willingness to pay]]domanda.-->
==Note==
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