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==Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition==
The theoretical background of projection type method is the decomposition theorem of [[Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya|Ladyzhenskaya]] sometimes referred to as Helmholtz–Hodge Decomposition or simply as Hodge decomposition. It states that the vector field <math>\mathbf{u}</math> defined on a simply connected ___domain can be uniquely decomposed into a divergence-free ([[Solenoidal vector field|solenoidal]]) part <math>\mathbf{u}_{\text{sol}}</math> and an [[Conservative vector field#Irrotational vector fields|irrotational]] part <math>\mathbf{u}_{\text{irrot}}</math>.<ref>{{cite book | title = A Mathematical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics | author1 = Chorin, A. J. | author2 = J. E. Marsden | edition =
:<math>
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