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The '''Hierarchical Music Specification Language''' ('''HMSL''') is a [[music]] [[programming language]] written in the 1980s by [[Larry Polansky]], [[Phil Burk]], and [[David Rosenboom]] at [[Mills College]]. Written on top of [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]], it allowed for the creation of real-time interactive music performance systems, [[algorithmic composition]] software, and any other kind of program that requires a high degree of musical [[Music informatics|informatics]]. It was distributed by Frog Peak Music, and runs with a very light memory footprint (~1 [[megabyte]]) on [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] and [[Amiga]] systems.
Unlike [[CSound]] and other languages for audio [[sound synthesis|synthesis]], HMSL is primarily a language for making ''music''. As such, it interfaces with sound-making devices through built-in [[MIDI]] classes. However, it has a high degree of built-in understanding of music [[performance| performance practice]], [[musical tuning|tuning systems]], and [[Sheet music|score]] reading. Its main interface for the manipulate of musical [[parameter]]s is through the metaphor of [[shape]]s, which can be created, altered, and combined to create a musical [[Texture (music)|texture]], either by themselves or in response to real-time or [[
HMSL has been widely used by composers working in algorithmic composition for over twenty years. In addition to the authors (who are also composers), HMSL has been used in pieces by [[Nick Didkovsky]], [[The Hub (band)|The Hub]], [[James Tenney]], [[Tom Erbe]], and [[Pauline Oliveros]].
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