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== Headline text ==
== Headline text ==
== Headline text ==
'''Time travel''' is the concept of moving forward and backward to different points in [[time]], much as we do through [[space]]. It also includes traveling sideways in time between [[multiverse|parallel realities]] or universes.
===Time travel, or space-time travel?===
The classic problem with the concept of "time travel ships" in science fiction is that it invariably treats Earth as the [[frame of reference]] in space. The idea that a traveller can go into a machine that sends you to "A.D. [[1865]]" and leave through a door into the same spot in Poughkeepsie ignores the issue that Earth is moving through space around the Sun, which is moving in the galaxy, etc. So, given space-time as four dimensions, and "time travel" referring to just "moving" along one of them, a traveller could not stay in the same place with respect to the surface of Earth, because Earth is a moving platform with a highly complicated trajectory. A vessel that moves "ahead" 5 seconds might materialize in the air, or inside solid rock, depending on where Earth was "before" and "after." In the 2000AD Comic ''Mutant Bounty Hunter'' Johnny Alpha uses "Time Bombs" to propel an enemy several seconds into the future, during which time the movement of the Earth causes the unfortunate victim to re-materialize in space. To really do what filmmakers make look so easy in films such as the ''Back to the Future'' series and ''The Time Machine'', the device might have to be a very powerful spacecraft which could move across large distances in space to compensate for the offset of position associated with the change in time. Mut
A possible rebuttal to this criticism is the fact that cars and airplanes manage to move around the surface of the Earth with it, despite the surface itself moving with an astronomical speed. One could postulate that a time traveller experiences a combination of spatial temporal inertia that makes him move along with the Earth.
In the [[1980]] Robert Heinlein novel ''[[The Number of the Beast (novel)|The Number of the Beast]]'' a "continua device" allows the protagonists to dial in the six (not four!) co-ordinates of space and time and it instantly moves them there—without explaining how such a device might work. The television series ''[[Seven Days]]'' also dealt with this problem; when the [[chrononaut]] would be 'rewinding', he would also be propelling himself backwards along the earth's orbit, with the intention of landing in the same place (in space) that he originated.
==References==
===Film & Television===
{{main|Time travel in fiction}}
*[[Austin Powers]] (through a portal)
*[[Back to the Future trilogy]] (two devices: A refitted De Lorean and a similarly refitted locomotive)
*[[Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure]] and [[Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey]] (time machine in the form of a phone booth)
*[[Dexter's Laboratory]]
*[[Doctor Who]] (TARDIS, stuck in the form of a 1950's English Police Phone Box)
*[[Donnie Darko]]
*[[Frankenstein Unbound]]
*[[Futurama]]
*[[Groundhog Day (film)|Groundhog Day]]
*[[Idaho Transfer]]
*[[Jimmy Neutron]]
*[[Just Visiting]]
*[[Life on Mars (television)|Life on Mars]]
*[[Millennium (movie)|Millennium]]
*[[Phil of the Future]]
*[[Power Rangers Time Force]]
*[[Primer (film)|Primer]]
*[[Quantum Leap]]
*[[Returner]]
*[[Seven Days]]
*[[Somewhere In Time]] (no time machine involved, the travel occurs by wishing very hard)
*[[Stargate SG-1]]
*[[Star Trek]] (via several means, often involving parallel universes and other dimensional travelling)
*[[The Butterfly Effect]]
*[[The Jacket]]
*[[The Terminator]] Series (unknown device, only able to transport a living organism [meaning the subject always arrives naked]. Area of arrival becomes highly charged with electricity seconds prior to arrival.)
*[[Time After Time]]
*[[Time Bandits]]
*[[Timecop]]
*[[Time Machine (1960 film)|Time Machine (1960)]]
*[[Time Machine (2002 film)|Time Machine (2002)]]
*[[Time Squad]]
*[[Twelve Monkeys]]
*[[timesplitters game series]]
===Scientific references===
*[[Paul Davies]], ''About Time'' ISBN 0684818221
*::''How to Build a Time Machine'' ISBN 0142001864
*J. Richard Gott, ''Time Travel in Einstein's Universe: The Physical Possibilities of Travel Through Time'' ISBN 0618257357
*Gribbin, ''In Search of Schrödinger's Cat''
*Paul J. Nahin, ''Time Machines: Time Travel in Physics, Metaphysics, and Science Fiction'' ISBN 0387985719
*Pagels, ''Perfect Symmetry, the Search for the Beginning of Time''
*[[Clifford A. Pickover]], ''Time: A Traveler's Guide'' ISBN 0195130960
*[[Kornel Lanczos]], ''[http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/contribution.asp?wasp=4ae3e035ce0c4a6a8df3d5e54cb6b76f&referrer=parent&backto=issue,8,11;journal,101,103;linkingpublicationresults,1:101151,1 On a Stationary Cosmology in the Sense of Einstein''s Theory of Gravitation]'', 1924, republished in 1997 by Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
*[[Willem Jacob van Stockum]], ''[http://www-lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/stockum/Proc_R_Soc_Edinb_57_135_1937.jpg The Gravitational Field of a Distribution of Particles Rotating about an Axis of Symmetry]'', [[1936]], Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
*[[Frank J. Tipler]], ''Rotating Cylinders and the Possibility of Global Causality Violation'', Physical Review D 9 (1974), 2203
*H. Nikolic, ''[http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0403121 Causal paradoxes: a conflict between relativity and the arrow of time]''
*Miller, Kristie. ''Time travel and the open future.'' Disputatio Vol 1. Issue 19 (2005): 223-232.
===Literary references===
{{main|Time travel in fiction}}
*''[[A Christmas Carol]]'' by [[Charles Dickens]]
*''[[A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court]]'' by [[Mark Twain]]
*''[[All the Myriad Ways]]'' by [[Larry Niven]]
*''[["All You Zombies"]]'', ''[[By His Bootstraps]],'' ''[[The Cat Who Walks Through Walls]]'', ''[[Farnham's Freehold]]'', and ''[[Time Enough For Love]]'' by [[Robert A. Heinlein]]
*''[[Empire Star]]'' by [[Samuel R. Delany]]
*''[[The Anubis Gates]]'' by [[Tim Powers]]
*[[Richard Mgrdechian]]'s ''[[3000 Years]][http://www.3000years.org]''
*''[[The Time Machine]]'' by [[H. G. Wells]]
*''[[The Time Ships]]'', an authorized sequel to Wells' novel, by [[Stephen Baxter]]''
*''[[Timelike Infinity]]'', also by [[Stephen Baxter]]
*''[[A Bridge of Years]]'' and ''[[The Chronoliths]]'' by [[Robert Charles Wilson]]
*''Bones of the Earth'' by [[Michael Swanwick]]
*''[[Cascade Point]]'' by [[Timothy Zahn]]
*''[[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban]]'' and ''[[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix]]'' by [[J.K. Rowling]]
*''[[Hounds of Tindalos|The Hounds of Tindalos]]'' by [[Frank Belknap Long]]
*''[[Les Seigneurs de la guerre (The Overlords of War)]]'' by [[Gérard Klein]]
*''[[Mastadonia]]'' by [[Cliford Simak]]
*''[[October the First is Too Late]]'' by Hoyle
*''[[Paratime]] series by [[H. Beam Piper]]
*''Rotating Cylinders and the Possibility of Global Causality Violation'' by [[Larry Niven]]
*''[[Scape Scope]]'' by Stith
*''[[The Coming of the Quantum Cats]]'' by [[Frederik Pohl]]
*''[[The End of Eternity]]'' by [[Isaac Asimov]]
*''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' series by [[Douglas Adams]]
*''[[The Other Side of Time]]'' by [[Keith Laumer]]
*''[[The Time Traveler's Wife]]'' by [[Audrey Niffenegger]]
*''Thrice Upon a Time'' by [[James Hogan]]
*''[[Time Wars]]'' series by [[Simon Hawke]]
*''Twice Upon a Time'' by [[Allen Appel]]
*''[[Doomsday Book]]'' (ISBN: 0553562738) and ''[[To Say Nothing of the Dog]]'' by [[Connie Willis]]
*''Lost in a Good Book'' by [[Jasper Fforde]]
*''The House on the Strand'' by [[Daphne du Maurier]]
*''[[Household Gods]]'' (1999) by [[Judith Tarr]] and [[Harry Turtledove]]
*''Thus We Frustrate Charlemagne'' by [[R. A. Lafferty]] published in Galaxy in 1966 and also appeared in ''Alpha 1'' (edited by [[Robert Silverberg]]) and ''World's Best SF 1968'' (edited by [[Donald A. Wollheim]] and [[Terry Carr]]).
*''[[Up the Line]] by Silverberg
*''[[Wrinkle in Time]]'' by L'Engle, with several sequels
*''[[Night Watch (novel)|Night Watch]]'' by [[Terry Pratchett]]
*''[[Timeline]]'' by [[Michael Crichton]]
*''[[Slaughterhouse-Five]]'' by [[Kurt Vonnegut]]
===Philosophical references===
*[[Richard M Gale]], ''The Philosophy of Time''
*[[Fred Alan Wolf]], ''The Yoga of Time Travel'' (2004) ISBN 083560828X
==See also==
*[[Tipler Cylinder]]
*[[Anachronism]]
*[[chronovisor|The mysterious "Chronovisor" device]]
*[[Grandfather paradox]]
*[[Predestination paradox]]
*[[Ronald Mallett]]
*[[Temporal mechanics]]
*[[Thiotimoline]]
*[[UFO Phil]]
*[[Montauk Project]]
*[[Time Traveler Convention]]
*[[Time loop]]
==External links==
*[http://www.paulshackley.com/logicoftimetravel.htm The logic of time travel], by Dr Paul Shackley
*[http://www.paulshackley.com/timetravelandpoulanderson.htm Time Travel and Poul Anderson], by Dr Paul Shackley
*[http://timetravelportal.com/viewtopic.php?t=293 Time, Time Travel & Traversable Wormholes] and other time travel related [http://timetravelportal.com/viewtopic.php?t=300 science & technology] topics
*[http://www.xibalba.demon.co.uk/jbr/chrono.html SF Chronophysics], a discussion of Time Travel as it relates to science fiction
*[http://www.asimovs.com/_issue_0407/onthenet2.shtml On the Net: Time Travel] by James Patrick Kelly in ''Asimov's Science Fiction''
*[http://science.howstuffworks.com/time-travel.htm Howstuffworks' article on "How Time Travel Will Work"]
*[http://www.theory.caltech.edu/people/patricia/lctoc.html Time Travel in Flatland?]
*[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/time NOVA Online: Time Travel]
*[http://web.mit.edu/adorai/timetraveler Time Traveler Convention], at [[MIT]] - "Technically, you would only need one..."
*Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
**[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-machine/ Time Machines]
**[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-travel-phys/ Time Travel and Modern Physics]
*[http://www.ufophil.com/ UFO Phil in a short documentary film about time travel called "The Machine"]
[[Category:Time travel|Time travel]]
[[Category:Philosophy of physics]]
[[Category:Time]]
[[Category:Forteana]]
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[[es:Viaje a través del tiempo]]
[[fr:Voyage dans le temps]]
[[he:מסע בזמן]]
[[id:Perjalanan waktu]]
[[io:Voyajo en tempo]]
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[[hu:Időutazás]]
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[[ru:Машина времени (устройство)]]
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[[zh:时间旅行]]
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