Ja'far al-'Askari: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 15:43, 8 giu 2011

Versione delle 18:58, 9 giu 2011

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Faysal non conosceva peraltro l'Iraq (nel quale non era mai stato) e pertanto prescelse per il suo compito di governo una serie di persone di origine irachena, che gli garantivano fedeltà e competenza. Tra costoro vi era, per l'appunto, Jaʿfar Pascià al-ʿAskarī, che fu nominato ministro della Difesa irachena. Durante quel periodo una delle principali realizzazioni del nuovo ministro fu quella di organizzare il rientro di 600 militari ottomani oriundi dell'Iraq, per formare in tal modo un corpo adeguato di ufficiali per le nuove forze armate irachene. Suo cognato Nūrī al-Saʿīd divenne [[Capo di Stato Maggiore]] dell'esercito nel febbraio 1921.<ref>Charles Tripp, ''A History of Iraq Cambridge'', Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 47 e Stephen H. Longrigg, ''Iraq, 1900-1950: A Political, Social, and Economic History'', New York, Oxford University Press, 1953, pp. 128-129</ref>

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In November 1923, King Faysal appointed al-Askari to be prime minister of Iraq. Faysal wanted a strong supporter of the king to be prime minister during this key time when the [[Constituent Assembly]] opened in March 1924. The dominant issue during this assembly was the [[Anglo-Iraqi Treaty]] the British were pushing to help legitimize their League of Nations-appointed Mandate of Iraq. Many Iraqis were opposed to the treaty and it did not look like it would pass. But then High Commersioner [[Percy Cox]] threatened to fulfill the [[British Mandate for Palestine|British Mandate]] in a different way unless it was passed. After the passing of the treaty in the Constituent Assembly, al-Askari resigned as prime minister as he did not really enjoy the job and felt he had accomplished what he needed to.<ref>Tripp, Charles A History of Iraq Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000 page 57 and Longrigg, Stephen H. Iraq, 1900-1950: A Political, Social, and Economic History New York: Oxford University Press, 1953 pages 148-151</ref>

Nel novembre del 1923, re Faysal nominò al-ʿAskarī [[Lista dei Primi ministri d'Iraq|Primo ministro d'Iraq]]. Faysal cercava un forte e convinto sostegno per il suo Primo ministro, in un momento-chiave in cui l'Assemblea Costituente irachena avesse aperto i suoi previsti lavori nel marzo del 1924. Il tema dominante durante i lavori dell'Assemblea fu il [[Trattato anglo-iracheno]] che i britannici volevano a tutti i costi per legittimare il loro [[Mandato britannico della Mesopotamia|Mandato]], assegnato loro dalla [[Società delle Nazioni]]. Numerosi iracheni si opponevano a un trattato che considerava l'Iraq come "non preparato" a un'ordinata vita "democratica" e intendevano opporsi a quel testo con ogni forza. Quando però l'[[Alto Commissario]] britannico, Sir [Percy Cox]], minacciò di realizzare comunque il Mandato, a condizioni anche peggiori di quelle su cui si discuteva, il re e l'opposizione dovettero rassegnarsi a questa moderna forma di neo-colonialismo da parte di una Potenza vincitrice nel [[Prima guerra mondiale|primo conflitto mondiale]].

Dopo che fu approvato quell'umiliante Trattato da parte dell'Assemblea Costituente, Jaʿfar al-ʿAskarī rassegnò immediatamente le proprie dimissioni.<ref>Charles Tripp, ''A History of Iraq'', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 57 e Stephen H. Longrigg,''Iraq, 1900-1950: A Political, Social, and Economic History'', New York, Oxford University Press, 1953, pp. 148-151</ref>

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In November 1926, Faysal again appointed Ja’far al-Askari (who at the time was acting as Iraqi minister in London) prime minister of Iraq. Two main issues dominated his term in office: conscription and Shi’i discontent. Conscription was a controversial issue with one side believing that they needed it to encourage a strong Iraq by creating a strong army and the [[Sharifians]] (former Ottoman soldiers who had fought in the Arab revolt) seeing it as a holy duty; those in power also saw it as a way to create national unity and an Iraqi identity. On the other side, Shi’is found it repugnant and the various tribes who wished to be autonomous found it threatening. The British were not in favor of conscription as they thought it could lead to issues in Iraq that they would then have to intervene in and they also wanted to keep the country weaker so as to have better control over the country. Further complicating al-Askari’s term was the growing Shi’i discontent in Iraq with massive protests occurring across the country in response to a book written by a Sunni official criticizing the Shi’i majority as well as the promotion of the commanding officer of an army unit that opened fire on [[Shiite]] demonstrators during a rally. Also at this time, the British wanted a new Anglo-Iraqi Treaty signed. Among the numbers powers the British retained, the treaty said they would support Iraq’s entry into the [[League of Nations]] in 1932 (not 1928 as previously promised) as long as it kept itself progressing in a manner consistent with British supervision. Al-Askari resigned as prime minister in December 1927 as a result of the cool reception the draft treaty received among the Iraqi people and the growing discontent in the Shi’i majority.<ref>Tripp, Charles A History of Iraq Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000 pages 61-63 and Longrigg, Stephen H. Iraq, 1900-1950: A Political, Social, and Economic History New York: Oxford University Press, 1953 pages 177-178</ref>