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'''Transparent LED -embedded glass''' is a new [[composite material]] containing [[light -emitting diode]]s (LEDLEDs). It is used as building material and as glass type for many different products. This new technology enables materials, new applications in Electronicselectronics and Architecturearchitecture. Due to the use of a cold curing pick and place process, this technology is also related to Electronicselectronics Manufacturingmanufacturing and Electronicselectronics Engineeringengineering. This article is focusing on published<ref>[http://www.sun-tec.ch/downloads/gpd2009shavit.pdf | Download Article: D. Shavit, Transparent Electronic Interlayers, Proceedings of GPD Glass Performance Days, June 2009, pp. 177–180]</ref><ref>[http://www.sun-tec.ch/downloads/glassonline052007.pdf | Download article: D. Shavit; Developments of LEDs and SMD Electronics on transparent conductive polyesterfilms, Vacuum International 1/2007, Page 34-36]</ref> specifications enabling [[building material]]s which will meet security and legislation aspects of [[laminated glass]].
==Gallery==
File:LEDGLASS1.jpg|LED embedded film for semitransparent glass application
File:Strips1.jpg|Cuttable LED Strips
File:SUNTEC_FLOOR.jpg|Full -colour RGB LED-film laminated to 1x1 m floor glass
File:LEDGLASSSTAIR.JPG|LED glass stair
==Composite specification==
The LED GlassLED–glass composite material may consist of using transparent metallized glass<ref>Hahn, T., EP0900971A1 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19990310&CC=EP&NR=0900971A1&KC=A1 "Lighting device containing LEDs on glass"]</ref> as electricity conductor. In this case the final composite specification will be:
* '''Top Layer:'''...Standard glass
* '''Interlayer:'''...Transparent thermoplastic material like TPU, PVB or EVA
* '''Interlayer:'''..LEDLEDs (light -emitting diodes)
* '''Bottom layer:'''...Metallised bottom glass
==Thermoplastics used==
The transparent thermoplastic material will usually show a quite similar light refractive index compared to glass. Typical thermoplastics used in the glass industry to produce these type of security glazings will consist of Thermoplastic Polyurethane<ref>Bayer Inc., US2006135728 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=JP&NR=2006169536A&KC=A&FT=D&date=20060629&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) having good adhesion to glass "]</ref> (TPU), Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate<ref>Bridgestone Inc., DE4308885(B4) [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=DE&NR=4308885A1&KC=A1&FT=D&date=19930923&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP "Laminated glass with thermoset film of (meth)acrylate or hydrocarbon resin – containing EVA and organic peroxide for high impact strength, penetration resistance and transparency "]</ref> (EVA) or Poly-Vinyl-Butyral<ref>Solutia Inc., WO03057478 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20080320&CC=IL&NR=162701A&KC=A "GLASS LAMINATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS"]</ref> (PVB).
==Production==
# Cutting the glass to the final size
# Laser ablation of parts of the conductive material
# Mounting SMD LEDs on the glass by means of a pick & -and-place process
# Lamination of the glasses according the specification mentioned above{{fact}}
Because most of the glass companies are not skilled to mount LEDs (Lightlight Emittingemitting Diodesdiodes) onto metallized glass, it makes sense to locate the LEDs on a separate transparent conductive polymeric interlayer<ref>D. Shavit: The developments of LEDs and SMD Electronics on transparent conductive Polyester film, Vacuum International, 1/2007, S. 35 ff</ref>,<ref>D. Shavit: Elektronische Komponenten in Glaslaminaten: Entwicklung, Stand und Ausblick, Glas, Architektur & Technik, 1/2007</ref>,<ref>SUN-TEC Swiss United Technologies Inc. Daniel Shavit, DE202007008410 [http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20090630&CC=CH&NR=698260B1&KC=B1 "Translucent conductive Interlayer with SMD Surface Mounted Electronic Devices – LED embedded films"]</ref> which may be laminated by any glass lamination unit. In other words, the remaining process for glass lamination units will consist of laminating together standard glass using 2 layers of thermoplastic interlayers to sandwich ready to use LED -embedded films. This process will be quite similar for 3 dimensional3D curved LED GlassLED–glass<ref>[http://www.ledglass.ch Video with 3D curved laminated LED GlassLED–glass]</ref>. The final specification will be:
* '''Top layer:'''.. Glass
* '''Bottom layer:'''..Glass
Within this last specification mentioned above, the 2 thermoplastic layers together with the LED Interlayerinterlayer will reach a total thickness of about 2mm2 mm. The usually very economical PVB is the most used [[Laminated glass|lamination interlayer]]. Its lamination is based on a nip roller pre-heating step followed by an autoclaving process with a final stage ideally below 125 °C and 14 athmospheres. However, polyester has a better adhesion to [[Thermoplastics polyurethanes (TPU)|TPU]], to [[Ethylene-vinyl acetate|EVA]] or to EVASafe[http://www.bridgestone.com/products/diversified/evasafe/index.html EVASAfe], which are often laminated using simple vacuum tables. EVASafe contain some hygroscopic crosslinking agent, which will allow its partial crosslinking to active sites of the substrates. TPU may be used up to 125 °C. EVASafe should be used below 110 °C.
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Transparent Led -Embedded Glass}}
[[Category:Glass]]
[[Category:Electronics]]
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