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For the NIC to actually access the data through DMA, the user's page must be in memory. In VIA, the user must "pin-down" its buffers before transmission, so as to prevent the OS from swapping the page out to the disk. This action—one of the few that involves the kernel—ties the page to physical memory. To ensure that only the process that owns the registered memory may access it, the VIA NICs require permission keys known as "protection tags" during communication.
So essentially VIA is a standard that defines kernel bypassing and RDMA in a network. It also defines a programming library called "VIPL". It has been implemented, most notably in cLAN from Giganet (now [http://www.emulex.com/ Emulex]). Mostly though, VIA's major contribution has been in providing a basis for the [[InfiniBand]], [[iWARP]] and [[RDMA_over_Converged_Ethernet|RoCE]] standards.
==External links==
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