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'''Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher<!-- NOT "Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven" -->''', [[Order of the Garter|LG]], [[Order of Merit|OM]], [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]], [[Royal Society|FRS]] (b. [[13 October]] [[1925]]) was [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] from 1979 to 1990.
She was the longest serving British Prime Minister in the [[20th century]], the longest since [[William Ewart Gladstone|Gladstone]], and had the longest single period in office since [[Lord Liverpool]]. She is also the only woman to be UK Prime Minister or leader of a major British political party. Undoubtedly one of the most significant British politicians in recent political history, she was both loved and loathed by many people.
She was also [[Secretary of State for Education and Skills|Secretary of State for Education and Science]] from 1970 to 1974, and [[Leader of the Opposition (UK)|Leader of the Opposition]] from 1975 to 1979. She won three successive general elections as party leader, the only British politician to do so in the 20th century. However, although she had strong support from the [[Plurality voting system|largest minority of voters]] for most of her tenure she eventually resigned after failing to win outright a [[Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 1990|leadership election]] triggered by opponents within her own party, and was replaced by [[John Major]] in 1990. She is an elder stateswoman of the Conservative Party and the figurehead of a political philosophy that became known as [[Thatcherism]], which involves selectively reduced public spending in some areas, lower direct taxation, de-regulation, a [[monetarism|monetarist]] policy, and a programme of [[Privatization|privatisation]] of government-owned industries. Even before coming to power she was nicknamed the "[[Iron Lady]]" in [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] media (because of her vocal opposition to [[communism]]), an appellation that stuck.
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